Soumitra Banerjee

Place:
 
 Paree
Imom Sindam Sang High School, Langjing, Imphal, Manipur


 
 Audience:
 
 Teaching faculties including Principal


 
 Samples
studied:
 

<ol>
 <li>
 Chalk
powder dust
 </li>
 <li>
 Leaf
micro-structure
 </li>
</ol>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=118231"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
 <figure>
 <img alt="IMG_20181206_145821" class="wp-image-118233 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="118233" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="118233" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544108301","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"1651","shutter_speed":"0.058333","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181206_145821" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=118233" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_118231/IMG_20181206_145821.jpg"/>
 </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
 <figure>
 <img alt="IMG_20181206_152007" class="wp-image-118235 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="118235" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="118235" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544109607","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"112","shutter_speed":"0.006294","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181206_152007" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=118235" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_118231/IMG_20181206_152007.jpg"/>
 </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
 <figure>
 <img alt="IMG_20181206_145806" class="wp-image-118236 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="118236" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="118236" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544108287","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"1455","shutter_speed":"0.050005","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181206_145806" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=118236" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_118231/IMG_20181206_145806.jpg"/>
 </figure>
 </li>
</ul>

North-East Twinning Program: Hands-on-Demonstration of Foldscope and Its Practical Application in Education-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Place:
 
 Nilapadama
High Secondary School, Sekmai, Imphal-West, Manipur


 
 Audience:
 
 High school students and Science
teachers


 
 Samples
studied:
 

<ol>
 <li>
 Pond
water sample
 </li>
 <li>
 Green
grass microstructure
 </li>
 <li>
 Flower
petals microstructure
 </li>
</ol>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=118322"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
 <figure>
 <img alt="IMG_20181208_124131" class="wp-image-118324 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="118324" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="118324" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544272891","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"114","shutter_speed":"0.000637","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181208_124131" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=118324" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_118322/IMG_20181208_124131.jpg"/>
 </figure>
 </li>
</ul>

By Vidya GA and Soumitra Banerjee


 CIIRC-Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka


 The genus Tricoderma is one of the most abundant fungi that have been shown to be present in all climatic zones. As such, it can be found in virtually all soils or rotting wood given that they are found in the roots of plants. However, this fungi can also be found on various parts of plants including the leaves, seeds and grains. Tricoderma fungi can be found in many more habitats compared to other types of fungi. They are also more prevalent because they have developed the capacity to attack other fungi.

<figure class="wp-block-image">
 <img alt="Trihoderma &amp;#8211; Copy" class="wp-image-169433 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="169433" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Trihoderma – Copy" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_169432/Trihoderma-Copy.jpg"/>
</figure>

 Fig. Fungal growth found on a nutrient agar plate

<figure class="wp-block-image">
 <img alt="Trihoderma &amp;#8211; Copy" class="wp-image-169434 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="169434" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Trihoderma – Copy" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_169432/Trihoderma-Copy-1.jpg"/>
</figure>

 Fig. Filamentous
 
 Trichoderma
 
 fungus observed under foldscope

Trichoderma  fungus

Horse gram (
 
 Macrotyloma uniflorum
 
 ) is considered as underutilized legume and often referred as poor man’s pulse. This legume is cultivated particularly in southern part of India, i.e. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh etc. This pulse contains high amount of nutritional properties and are known for their therapeutic values.  For consumption, horse gram is generally germinated, which causes reducing in the anti-nutritional factors and improves the digestibility of the legume. During germination there are changes in the microstructures. Using our Foldscope, changes in the microstructure of different parts of horse gram seeds were observed which are reported below.


 <img alt="cotyledon" class="wp-image-52159 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="52159" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="cotyledon" data-recalc-dims="1" height="310" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_52149/cotyledon.jpg" width="395"/>
 Fig (A). Cotyledon cells before germination (1) and after 3 days of germination (2).


 Cotyledon endosperm cells supplies food to support the embryo plant to grow until it can collect it’s own food.


 <img alt="Plumule" class="wp-image-52169 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="52169" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Plumule" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_52149/Plumule-1.jpg" width="432"/>
 
 Fig (B). Plumule observed after 1 day of soaking(1) and after 3 days of germination (2).
 


 <img alt="plumule merstematic cells" class="wp-image-52203 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="52203" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="plumule merstematic cells" data-recalc-dims="1" height="258" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_52149/plumule-merstematic-cells-1.jpg" width="482"/>
 Fig (C). Plumule meristematic cells observed after one day of soaking(1) and after 3 days of germination (2)


 Plumule is the rudimentary shoot or stem of an  embryo  plant. During germination plumule enlarges, elongates and begins to make chlorophyll and turn green, then becomes a shoot with fully expanded leaves.




 <img alt="Radicle" class="wp-image-52204 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="52204" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Radicle" data-recalc-dims="1" height="327" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_52149/Radicle.jpg" width="433"/>
 Fig (D). Tip of the radicle observed after one day of soaking(1) and after 3 days of germination (2)


 <img alt="root hair" class="wp-image-52209 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="52209" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="root hair" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_52149/root-hair.jpg" width="432"/>
 Fig (E). Root hairs observed after 2 days of germination (1) and after 3 days of germination (2)


 Radicle is the rudimentary root of an embryo plant. During germination radicle increases in thickness and begins to elongate. The tip changes from white to dark reddish brown in colour.  Root hairs start forming at the dark reddish brown region of the radicle, then radicle is converted into a root with large number of root hairs .


 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9282-observation-of-microstructural-morphological-changes-during-germination-of-horse-gram-dicot-seed-using-foldscope-indiafoldscopephase-1" target="_blank">
 This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>

Observation of microstructural morphological changes during germination of Horse gram(Dicot seed) using Foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Mushroom bought from a local shop in bangalore was observed for its microscopic strucuters under foldscope .


 A very thin scalp from the skin of the cap was removed using a sharp razor blade and mounted on a slide to view under foldscope. There are two basic cuticle structures, one is Cellular – where the cap cuticle is composed of more or less spherical elements, arranged in a palisade across the cap and the other is Filamentous – where the cap cuticle is composed of horizontally arranged filamentous hyphae.  Here we observed the filamentous type structure of cap cuticle.


 <img alt="IMG_20180801_140903" class="alignnone wp-image-55171 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55171" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533132543","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"150","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_140903" data-recalc-dims="1" height="283" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_140903.jpg" width="322"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180801_150224" class="alignnone wp-image-55174 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55174" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533135744","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"112","shutter_speed":"0.008935","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_150224" data-recalc-dims="1" height="292" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_150224.jpg" width="240"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180801_153533" class="alignnone wp-image-55175 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55175" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533137733","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"112","shutter_speed":"0.007734","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_153533" data-recalc-dims="1" height="292" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_153533.jpg" width="371"/>


 Fig: Cross section of pileus(cap) of mushroom with septate hyphae.


 Slide was prepared for stem section also as similar to cap and viewed under foldscope. Similar kind of filamentous structure was observed.


 <img alt="IMG_20180801_143513" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55177 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55177" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533134113","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"147","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_143513" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_143513.jpg" width="294"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180801_144315" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55176 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55176" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533134595","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"208","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_144315" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_144315.jpg" width="283"/>


 Fig: Cross section of stem of mushroom


 Mushroom belongs to the group basidiomycota and usually produces asexual spores called basidiospores. To view the spores, spore print was made. Stem of a mushroom was cut even with the cap and placed on a glass microscope slide with the underside down (as much of it as will fit). Whole thing was covered with a beaker and left for overnight. The cap will drop its spores on the slide overnight.


 <img alt="IMG_20180803_092638" class="alignnone wp-image-55178 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55178" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"XT1706","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533288398","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.5","iso":"303","shutter_speed":"0.030004","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_092638" data-recalc-dims="1" height="297" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_092638.jpg" width="338"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180803_092729" class="alignnone wp-image-55179 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55179" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"XT1706","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533288449","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.5","iso":"282","shutter_speed":"0.030004","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_092729" data-recalc-dims="1" height="290" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_092729.jpg" width="417"/>


 Fig: Spore print


 Then spores were placed on slide and observed under foldscope. Spores vary in shape from globose to ellipsoid, from limoniform (lemon shaped) to reniform (kidney shaped) or lacrymoid (tear shaped), they can be strangulated in the centre or shaped like a bullet. We observed eliptical or oval shaped black lined spores.


 <img alt="IMG_20180803_094426" class="alignnone wp-image-55183 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55183" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533289466","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"114","shutter_speed":"0.019998","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_094426" data-recalc-dims="1" height="359" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_094426.jpg" width="293"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180801_135151" class="alignnone wp-image-55180 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55180" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533131511","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"113","shutter_speed":"0.007223","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180801_135151" data-recalc-dims="1" height="356" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180801_135151.jpg" width="411"/>


 Fig: Basidiospores of mushroom under foldscope


 Gills seen on the underside of the cap. Spores are produced and released from the gills. For viewing gill, single gill was cut using a razor blade, excess cap material and the end sections was removed and very thin slices were made. This was mounted using water and coverslip then observed under foldscope. Filamentous hyphae are aligned into four basic patterns in the central part of the gills i.e. regular, irregular, divergent and inverse grill trama.  Here we observed regular gill trama structures, consists of many layers of parallely arranged interwoven hyphae, with basidium cells at the terminal layer.


 <img alt="IMG_20180803_102737" class="alignnone wp-image-55184 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55184" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533292057","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"206","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_102737" data-recalc-dims="1" height="410" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_102737.jpg" width="167"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180803_112519" class="alignnone wp-image-55185 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55185" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533295519","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"115","shutter_speed":"0.008935","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_112519" data-recalc-dims="1" height="410" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_112519.jpg" width="263"/>


 Fig: Thin section of gill with basidial cells at the terminal end


 <img alt="IMG_20180803_113110" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55189 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55189" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533295870","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"141","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_113110" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_113110.jpg" width="273"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180803_122914" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55190 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55190" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533299354","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"132","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_122914" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_122914.jpg" width="296"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180803_122922" class="alignnone wp-image-55197 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55197" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1533299362","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"177","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180803_122922" data-recalc-dims="1" height="296" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55169/IMG_20180803_122922.jpg" width="350"/>


 Fig: Cross section of single gill which is showing basidia and basidiospores


 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9309-viewing-mushroom-strucutres-under-foldscope-indiafoldscopephase-1" target="_blank">
 This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>

Viewing mushroom strucutres under foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Place:
 
 Farmers Club, Lamsang, Imphal, Manipur
 
 


 
 Audience:
 
 Farmers (25), Farmer Association leaders (2)


 
 Date:
 
 24.09.2018
 
 


 
 Samples studied:
 

<ol>
 <li>
 Pond water sample
 </li>
 <li>
 Diseased leaf sample
 </li>
</ol>

 <img alt="IMG_20180924_162031" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-80136 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="80136" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537806032","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.099997","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180924_162031" data-recalc-dims="1" height="137" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_80133/IMG_20180924_162031.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180924_161812" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-80134 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="80134" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537805892","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"187","shutter_speed":"0.009999","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180924_161812" data-recalc-dims="1" height="169" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_80133/IMG_20180924_161812.jpg" width="300"/>


 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9617-north-east-twinning-program-workshop-on-foldscope-and-its-applications-for-farmers-indiafoldscopephase-1" target="_blank">
 This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>

North-East Twinning Program: Workshop on Foldscope and Its Applications for Farmers- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

Place:
 
 Crop Solution, Centre for Plant Health, Manipur.


 [Referred by Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Imphal (Manipur)]
 
 


 
 Audience:
 
 Dr. M. Thoithoi (Owner of Crop Solution, Centre for Plant Health, Manipur)


 
 Date:
 
 29.09.2018
 
 


 
 Samples studied:
 

<ol>
 <li>
 Diseased Leaf
 </li>
 <li>
 Insect pest
 </li>
</ol>

 <img alt="IMG_20180930_122602" class="size-medium wp-image-80633 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="80633" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1538310362","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"118","shutter_speed":"0.001566","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180930_122602" data-recalc-dims="1" height="277" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_80629/IMG_20180930_122602.jpg" width="300"/>


 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9631-north-east-twinning-program-discussion-about-foldscope-and-its-applications-in-agriculture-and-allied-fields-indiafoldscopephase-1" target="_blank">
 This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>

North-East Twinning Program: Discussion about Foldscope and Its Applications in Agriculture and Allied Fields- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

Assumed pest:
 
 Confused flour beetle(
 
 Tribolium confusum
 
 )


 Confused flour beetle attacks stored grains and stored foods. Adults and larvae feed on broken kernels and finely ground materials in grain storages, flour mills, warehouses and wherever grain or grain products are stored.


 
 Morphological characteristics (as observed under foldscope)
 

<ul>
 <li>
 Adults are approximately 3 – 4 mm long and reddish brown
 </li>
 <li>
 The antennae segments increase in size gradually from the base to the tip to form a club of four segments(Fig 1)
 </li>
 <li>
 Elytra with unit shapes almost square, parallel-sided striations( Fig 2)
 </li>
 <li>
 4 segments in tarsus of  hind leg( Fig 3)
 </li>
</ul>

 <img alt="IMG_20181110_155111" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-86488 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86488" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541865072","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"124","shutter_speed":"0.029996","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_155111" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_155111.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20181110_155040" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-86490 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86490" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541865040","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"113","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_155040" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_155040.jpg" style="font-size: 1.8rem" width="165"/>


 Fig. 1: Antenna of Confused flour beetle under foldscope


 <img alt="IMG_20181110_162744" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-86492 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86492" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541867264","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"264","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_162744" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_162744.jpg" width="287"/>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-86497 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86497" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541867451","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"261","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="298" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/1-19.jpg" width="300"/>


 Fig. 2: Elytra of Confused flour beetle under foldscope


 <img alt="IMG_20181110_160724" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-86493 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86493" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541866044","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"132","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_160724" data-recalc-dims="1" height="211" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_160724.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20181110_160611" class="alignnone wp-image-86495 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86495" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541865971","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"123","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_160611" data-recalc-dims="1" height="210" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_160611.jpg" width="352"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20181110_160455" class="alignnone wp-image-86496 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86496" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Lenovo A7020a48","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1541865896","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.68","iso":"116","shutter_speed":"0.039995","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_20181110_160455" data-recalc-dims="1" height="212" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86449/IMG_20181110_160455.jpg" width="119"/>


 Fig. 3: Hind leg of Confused flour beetle under foldscope








 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9694-identification-keys-of-storage-pest-confused-flour-beetle-indiafoldscopephase-1" target="_blank">
 This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>

Soumitra Banerjee

Earth

Posts

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North-East Twinning Program: Workshop on Foldscope and Its Applications for Farmers- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Discussion about Foldscope and Its Applications in Agriculture and Allied Fields- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

Identification keys of storage pest: Confused flour beetle- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Hands-on-Demonstration of Foldscope and Its Practical Application in Education-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Hands-on-Demonstration of Foldscope and Its Practical Application in Education-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Trichoderma fungus

Observation of microstructural morphological changes during germination of Horse gram(Dicot seed) using Foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Viewing mushroom strucutres under foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Workshop on Foldscope and Its Applications for Farmers- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Discussion about Foldscope and Its Applications in Agriculture and Allied Fields- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

Identification keys of storage pest: Confused flour beetle- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Hands-on-Demonstration of Foldscope and Its Practical Application in Education-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Hands-on-Demonstration of Foldscope and Its Practical Application in Education-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Trichoderma fungus

Observation of microstructural morphological changes during germination of Horse gram(Dicot seed) using Foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

Viewing mushroom strucutres under foldscope-#Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Workshop on Foldscope and Its Applications for Farmers- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

North-East Twinning Program: Discussion about Foldscope and Its Applications in Agriculture and Allied Fields- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

Identification keys of storage pest: Confused flour beetle- #Indiafoldscopephase 1

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Foldscope Lens Magnification