Jasveen Dua

<p>
 As a part of the Foldscope oureach programme, a field visit to a farm was undertaken by Foldscope team@ GGDSD College. The team visited a farm house located in Jandiala near Amritsar in Punjab state. The farm was situated amidst vast fields with a barn for dairy animals. One deep breath and I could feel the fresh and clean air filling my lungs. Though the early morning fog had not subsided, I could see on the farm they had finished up with their morning routine chores of milking the animals and feeding the buffaloes. It seemed like a paradise of wheat and mustard fields with narrow grassy paths and fields lined with canals. Small thatched cottages with the walls coated with clay or simply brick-lined walls, fodder chopping machines and a huge heap of chaffed fodder. The farm animals were amusingly having their share of fodder and as we approached nearby, the calf became restless. So we asked the workers to brief us.
</p>
<p>
 Toria, berseem and senji were the fodder crops growing along with the wheat crop. We were able to sensitize the farmers about the foldscope usage and collected samples of chaff and green fodder for foldscoping.
</p>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-108812 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="108812" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="108812" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1545208638","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0033112582781457","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=108812" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_108808/2-26.jpg"/>
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</ul>


Foldscope sensitization at a farm in Punjab -1

<p>
 In Punjab mainly two types of livestock production practices are seen. In one type, rural household animals are integrated with farming and the farmers feed animals using green fodder and crop residues, while in the second type large herds are kept in rangelands.
</p>
<p>
 It was a small farm owned by marginal farmer who had grown fodder crops mixed with wheat. The farmer was using green fodder as a source of nutrients to feed his milch animals. We could see the chopped fodder of
 <em>
  Brassica rapa
 </em>
 (called toria in vernacular language). It was a lively experience to engage the farmers and sensitize them on using foldscope.
</p>
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<p>
</p>


Foldscope sensitization at a farm in Punjab -2

<p>
 It was a privilege to address about 110 NSS volunteers in a
week-long training camp @GGDSD College, Chandigarh. The theme being
 <strong>
  ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’
 </strong>
 , the
interaction lasted 2 sessions.
</p>
<p>
 In the 1
 <sup>
  st
 </sup>
 session, the importance of cleanliness
was stressed upon and the ways and means for the same were discussed. It was
followed by introduction of Foldscope and its role in observing microbes. The
target group consisted of students from various streams – science, arts and
commerce. The participants were quite enthusiastic and were keen to learn more
about frugal innovation –
 <strong>
  the Foldscope.
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 Dr. Samriti Dhawan, the Principal investigator demonstrated
the assembly of Foldscope and a video on microbes in water was shown to the
students, wherein Dr. Manu, Jim and other team-mates discussed the importance
of Foldscope and its unique features that make it suitable for detecting
microbes in water samples.
</p>
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   <img alt="A48164C9-361D-4162-9624-C33F12EA5C03" class="wp-image-112040 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112040" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112040" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546007656","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1000","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A48164C9-361D-4162-9624-C33F12EA5C03" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112040" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112038/A48164C9-361D-4162-9624-C33F12EA5C03.jpeg"/>
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<p>
 
</p>
<p>
 The 2
 <sup>
  nd
 </sup>
 session was activity-based. The curiosity driven students under the mentorship of Foldscope trainers took samples of microbes from rotting tomato and pomegranate, mobile phones and damp walls and fixed them on slide to view through Foldscope. The efforts of the NSS Co-ordinators Dr. Devi Singh and Ms.
Mani Bahara are highly commendable in making the camp – a success.
</p>
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   <img alt="4C5DE05D-B388-439F-988E-A479F8D4DCA7" class="wp-image-112045 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112045" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112045" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4C5DE05D-B388-439F-988E-A479F8D4DCA7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112045" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112038/4C5DE05D-B388-439F-988E-A479F8D4DCA7.jpeg"/>
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<p>
</p>

Using Foldscope in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

<p>
 Mouldy growth was seen on stale chapatti dough left
un-noticed. On viewing a sample drawn from the white cottony infected portion
showed growth of thread-like structures under a foldscope. These are mycelium.
</p>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="IMG_2159" class="wp-image-112811 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112811" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112811" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546348654","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_2159" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112811" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112807/IMG_2159.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="IMG_2161" class="wp-image-112812 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112812" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112812" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546348706","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_2161" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112812" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112807/IMG_2161.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=112807"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="IMG_2163" class="wp-image-112813 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112813" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112813" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546348750","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_2163" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112813" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112807/IMG_2163.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="IMG_2165" class="wp-image-112814 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112814" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112814" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546348781","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_2165" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112814" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112807/IMG_2165.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="IMG_2167" class="wp-image-112815 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="112815" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="112815" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546348788","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_2167" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=112815" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_112807/IMG_2167.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


Mycelium growth found on chapati dough

<p>
 Being in Ahmedabad, I planned to visit
 <strong>
  Sabarmati Ashram
 </strong>
 on 4
 <sup>
  th
 </sup>
 January, 2019, which was at a distance of about 36 kms from the place of my stay. I hired a cab and within 40 mins., I was at my destination. I pinched myself twice to make sure I was at a place where once
 <strong>
  ‘Father of our nation –
 </strong>
 <strong>
  Bapu ji
 </strong>
 ’ resided. There were a number of cottages spread over the entire area. The cottages had been well preserved and maintained by the authorities. The place was calm and serene, situated along the banks of Sabarmati river with a lot of greenery all over. I came across an isolated cottage –
 <strong>
  Magan Niwas.
 </strong>
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114389"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-114390 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114390" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114390" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608267","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114390" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/1-9.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-114391 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114391" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114391" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608510","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00014600671630895","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114391" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/2-11.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-114392 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114392" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114392" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608630","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0048780487804878","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114392" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/3-8.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-114393 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114393" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114393" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608654","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0025839793281654","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114393" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/4-8.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 “After returning to India in 1915, Gandhi ji went around the country and decided to establish an ashram near Ahmedabad. On the lines of Tolstoy Farm and Phoenix Ashram he had set up in South Africa, he started the Kochrab ashram on 22 May, 1915 which was shifted on 17 June, 1917 on the banks of river Sabarmati and hence came to be known as Sabarmati Ashram.”(Quoted in Ashram gallery).
</p>
<p>
 As I walked across the various galleries, where large no. of pictures, posters and quotes of Gandhi ji and his associates were displayed, my thoughts were taken back to pre- Independence times. The pious wooden spinning wheel –
 <strong>
  the Charkha
 </strong>
 which had led the wave of revolution could be seen in one of the galleries and in the other one the Dandi march scene. A pathora of struggle for independence lay hidden in the galleries.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114389"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-114394 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114394" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114394" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608779","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114394" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/5-4.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-114395 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114395" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114395" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608804","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114395" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/6-4.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-114396 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114396" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114396" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608910","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114396" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/7-3.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-114397 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114397" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114397" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546608917","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"80","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114397" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/8-5.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-114398 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114398" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114398" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609027","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"80","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114398" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/9-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="10" class="wp-image-114399 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114399" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114399" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609119","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="10" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114399" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/10-3.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114389"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="11" class="wp-image-114400 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114400" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114400" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609162","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="11" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114400" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/11-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="12" class="wp-image-114401 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114401" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114401" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609458","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="12" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114401" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/12-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="13" class="wp-image-114402 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114402" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114402" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609863","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="13" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114402" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/13-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="14" class="wp-image-114403 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114403" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114403" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609812","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="14" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114403" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/14-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="15" class="wp-image-114404 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114404" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114404" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609914","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="15" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114404" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/15-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="15A" class="wp-image-114405 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114405" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114405" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609577","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="15A" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114405" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/15A.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left">
 From the galleries I was on to the path that went towards Sabarmati bank, though the gates towards the river were closed at this time of the day. There stood the
 <strong>
  Vinoba Kutir
 </strong>
 and
 <strong>
  Mira Kutir.
 </strong>
 I wondered how those great personalities lived therein small cottages with wooden roofs and small windows.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114389"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="16" class="wp-image-114406 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114406" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114406" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610037","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00051203277009729","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="16" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114406" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/16-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="17" class="wp-image-114407 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114407" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114407" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610084","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0027777777777778","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="17" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114407" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/17.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="18" class="wp-image-114408 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114408" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114408" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610088","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0018761726078799","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="18" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114408" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/18.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="19" class="wp-image-114409 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114409" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114409" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610065","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="19" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114409" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114389/19.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 The Ashram serves as a source of inspiration and guidance for the new generation. Gandhi ji was an apostle of truth and non-violence spreading the message of peace all over. Sabarmati Ashram stands as a monument to Gandhi’s life mission and is a testimony of India’s struggle for independence.
</p>
<p style="text-align:right">
 <strong>
  To be contd……
 </strong>
</p>


A Memorable Visit to Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad (Part-1)

<p>
 Across a group of cottages called
 <strong>
  Hridaya Kunj
 </strong>
 , my breathe almost stopped. Here I was standing at Gandhi ji’s cottage, where he once lived. From where he used to go to his morning prayers led by Baa and Manu. The weapon that brought freedom to India -his
 <strong>
  Charkha
 </strong>
 which he used to spin lay silent, with his cushion seat vacant. I paid homage to the great soul. Behind his cottage was his wife Kasturba’s small cottage and a guest room. In another room adjoining these cottages his precious possessions – spectacles, walking stick, his mighty pen , stone plates and spoons in which he ate, pitcher, etc., were displayed in the window gallery.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114416"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="20" class="wp-image-114417 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114417" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114417" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610115","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0068493150684932","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="20" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114417" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/20.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="21" class="wp-image-114419 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114419" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114419" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610119","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0093457943925234","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="21" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114419" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/21.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="22" class="wp-image-114420 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114420" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114420" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610710","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="22" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114420" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/22.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="23" class="wp-image-114421 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114421" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114421" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610694","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="23" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114421" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/23.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="24" class="wp-image-114422 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114422" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114422" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610170","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"80","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="24" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114422" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/24.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="25" class="wp-image-114424 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114424" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114424" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610195","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="25" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114424" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/25.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="26" class="wp-image-114425 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114425" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114425" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610331","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="26" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114425" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/26.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="27" class="wp-image-114426 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114426" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114426" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610321","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="27" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114426" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/27.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114416"}'>
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   <img alt="28" class="wp-image-114428 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114428" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114428" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610366","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00085324232081911","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="28" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114428" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/28.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="29" class="wp-image-114429 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114429" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114429" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610393","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0013157894736842","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="29" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114429" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/29.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="30" class="wp-image-114430 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114430" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114430" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610452","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="30" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114430" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/30.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="31" class="wp-image-114431 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114431" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114431" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610540","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="31" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114431" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/31.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="32" class="wp-image-114432 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114432" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114432" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610560","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="32" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114432" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/32.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="33" class="wp-image-114433 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114433" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114433" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610459","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="33" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114433" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/33.jpg"/>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="34" class="wp-image-114434 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114434" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114434" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610497","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="34" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114434" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/34.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="35" class="wp-image-114435 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114435" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114435" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610652","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="35" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114435" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/35.jpg"/>
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<p>
 Outside in the verandah, I could see two of his followers, interacting with the visitors and spinning the wheel side by side, reminding of Bapu’s words – ‘work is worship and time is money’. I sat beside sister Girija (one of the followers). She was showing how the raw cotton was gently drawn into fine thread on the moving wheel and how this thin, soft, delicate thread was made into thick course fibre. I also tried to spin, but the thread broke each time as probably my grip was too firm. I collected samples of spun and unspun yarn for studying under foldscope from sister Girija.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114416"}'>
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   <img alt="36" class="wp-image-114436 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114436" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114436" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610215","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="36" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114436" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/36.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="37" class="wp-image-114437 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114437" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114437" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610233","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="37" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114437" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/37.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="38" class="wp-image-114438 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114438" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114438" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610637","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.02","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="38" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114438" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/38.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="39" class="wp-image-114439 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114439" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114439" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610911","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="39" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114439" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/39.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="40" class="wp-image-114440 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114440" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114440" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546610924","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="40" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114440" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/40.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="41" class="wp-image-114441 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114441" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114441" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546611079","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="41" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114441" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/41.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="42" class="wp-image-114442 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114442" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114442" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546611190","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="42" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114442" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/42.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="43" class="wp-image-114443 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114443" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114443" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546611194","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="43" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114443" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/43.jpg"/>
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<p>
 I was taken back to the pre-historic times, as the wheel moved. It was a divine experience. I tried to capture all the moments in the pictures clicked there. It was the most memorable visit of my life. As I came out of the Ashram, I saw the famous Dandi Bridge – the oldest bridge still standing there above the Sabarmati river from where I saw the sunset of the day.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=114416"}'>
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   <img alt="44" class="wp-image-114450 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114450" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114450" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546609751","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="44" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114450" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/44.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="45" class="wp-image-114451 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114451" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114451" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546614729","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00031595576619273","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="45" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114451" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/45.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="46" class="wp-image-114452 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="114452" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114452" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546614772","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00060901339829476","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="46" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114452" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114416/46.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


A Memorable Visit to Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad (Part-2)- The Spinning Wheel

Some more Glimpses of the Gandhi Ashram Visit

<p>
 At the Ashram sister Girija showing the working of spinning wheel.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 <br/>
</p>
<figure class="wp-block-video">
 <video alt="2A9EA38A-1623-43BE-9DC2-B2632AE9D749.mov" class="gcloudimg" controls="" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114531/2A9EA38A-1623-43BE-9DC2-B2632AE9D749.mov">
 </video>
 <figcaption>
  <br/>
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="wp-block-video">
 <video alt="93618570-795C-4623-835A-9BDEE0F288EB.mov" class="gcloudimg" controls="" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_114531/93618570-795C-4623-835A-9BDEE0F288EB.mov">
 </video>
</figure>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-114530" data-attachment-id="114530" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="114530" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="IMG_2860" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=114530" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i2.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/IMG_2860.png?resize=577%2C1024&amp;ssl=1"/>
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 </li>
</ul>
<figure class="wp-block-image">
 <img alt="93618570-795C-4623-835A-9BDEE0F288EB.mov" class="gcloudimg"/>
</figure>


Moving wheel &amp; amp; spinning the fiber

Foldscope Outreach Activity @ Gandhi Ashram, Ahmedabad

<p>
 Sabarmati water was collected from the river front from different sites. One of the areas that had planktonic growth was strained through the mesh and sample fixed on a slide to view through the foldscope to find some mobility of planktons that is being shared with the community. Please help identify the organism…….
</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="wp-block-cover has-background-dim" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=117447"}'>
 <video alt="IMG_3708.mov" autoplay="" class="wp-block-cover__video-background gcloudimg" loop="" muted="" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_117447/IMG_3708.mov">
 </video>
</div>
<h2 style="text-align:center">
 Sample -1
</h2>
<div class="wp-block-cover has-background-dim" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=117447"}'>
 <video alt="C227DD84-2C27-42D7-90EE-8C636C7F54CA.mov" autoplay="" class="wp-block-cover__video-background gcloudimg" loop="" muted="" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_117447/C227DD84-2C27-42D7-90EE-8C636C7F54CA.mov">
 </video>
</div>
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   <img alt="9B27F999-4992-4748-A010-E65350B3BA07" class="wp-image-117514 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="117514" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="117514" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1547126348","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0035087719298246","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="9B27F999-4992-4748-A010-E65350B3BA07" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=117514" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_117447/9B27F999-4992-4748-A010-E65350B3BA07.jpeg"/>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="5C9C8513-C628-4DF4-A7E1-217E4509E04D" class="wp-image-117513 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="117513" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="117513" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1547132600","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5C9C8513-C628-4DF4-A7E1-217E4509E04D" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=117513" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_117447/5C9C8513-C628-4DF4-A7E1-217E4509E04D.jpeg"/>
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<h5 style="text-align:center">
 The sampling site in view showing mat of algae and planktons
</h5>


Planktons of Sabarmati river, Ahmedabad through foldscope

<p>
 Trekking through the Kansal forest, we came across large Eucalyptus trees that belong to family Myrtaceae of angiosperms. Off-white flowers fallen from the trees were picked up for study.
</p>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-133316 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133316" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133316" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133316" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/1-3.jpg"/>
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 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-133317 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133317" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133317" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551088899","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0056818181818182","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133317" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/2-2.jpg"/>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-133318 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133318" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133318" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2","credit":"","camera":"vivo 1727","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551089083","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.55","iso":"119","shutter_speed":"0.0059701492537313","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133318" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/3-1.jpg"/>
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<p>
 The floral buds were vase-shaped and had a cap that sheds off as the flowers bloom. Petals not marked, but large number of stamens could be seen. During anthesis, stamens beneath the brown, woody cap swell blowing out the cap. The stamens had white coloured filaments and light yellow to light brown anthers at their ends.
</p>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-133328 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133328" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133328" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133328" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/4-1.jpg"/>
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 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-133329 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133329" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133329" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133329" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/6-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-133330 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133330" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133330" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133330" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/7-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-133331 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133331" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133331" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133331" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/8-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-133332 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133332" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133332" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133332" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/9-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="10" class="wp-image-133333 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133333" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133333" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133333" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/10-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="11" class="wp-image-133334 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133334" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133334" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133334" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/11-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="12" class="wp-image-133335 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133335" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133335" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133335" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/12-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="12a" class="wp-image-133327 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133327" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133327" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12a" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133327" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/12a.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 The filaments were comparatively thick and multi-cellular with localized, swollen areas visible clearly in carmine stained filaments. The anther lobes were gently teased and the pollen grains released. Minute, triangular, tri-colpate pollen were seen under foldscope.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=133312"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="13" class="wp-image-133339 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133339" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133339" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="13" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133339" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/13.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="17" class="wp-image-133343 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133343" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133343" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="17" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133343" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/17.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="16" class="wp-image-133342 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133342" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133342" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="16" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133342" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/16-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="18" class="wp-image-133338 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133338" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133338" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="18" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133338" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/18.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="14" class="wp-image-133340 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133340" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133340" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="14" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133340" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/14.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="15" class="wp-image-133341 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133341" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133341" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="15" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133341" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133312/15.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>


Foldscoping Eucalyptus flowers @ Kansal forest

<p>
 Indian mahogany (also called Red cedar) is botanically known as
 <strong>
  <em>
   Toona ciliata
  </em>
 </strong>
 . It is a large deciduous tree belonging to family
 <strong>
  <em>
   Meliaceae
  </em>
 </strong>
 (Neem family).  In Chandigarh these trees can be occasionally spotted. I had gone for my car repair, where I spotted this tree in full bloom near the car market. I collected the samples and studied them later.
</p>
<p>
 The tree is famous for its fragrant red wood used for furniture making and ornamental woodwork. Leaves are compound with typical imparipinnate condition. Leaflets are opposite or irregularly alternate, ovate-lanceloate in shape. Flowers are usually white in colour and clustered in panicles. The typical pattern of dichasial cyme was seen in this species of Toona. Presence of androgynophore i.e.  androecium and gynoecium fused to form a disk.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=147906"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="0.1" class="wp-image-147920 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147920" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="147920" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1553354696","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="0.1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147920" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/0.1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="0" class="wp-image-147919 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147919" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="147919" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1553354547","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"3"}' data-image-title="0" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147919" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/0.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="0.2" class="wp-image-147918 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147918" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="147918" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1553354654","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"3"}' data-image-title="0.2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147918" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/0.2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 The anthers that were present at the end of disk were gently teased to release the pollen that appeared like spherical beads with thick exine that showed some ornamentation on its surface.
</p>
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     <img alt="3" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147929" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147929" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147929" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/3-1.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/3-1.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="1" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147926" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147926" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147926" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/1-1.jpg" data-width="857" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/1-1.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="2" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147928" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147928" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147928" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/2-1.jpg" data-width="982" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/2-1.jpg"/>
    </figure>
   </div>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="4" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147930" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="983" data-id="147930" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147930" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/4.jpg" data-width="1024" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/4.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="6" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147932" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147932" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147932" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/6.jpg" data-width="941" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/6.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="7" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147933" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147933" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147933" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/7.jpg" data-width="941" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/7.jpg"/>
    </figure>
   </div>
  </div>
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     <img alt="5" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147931" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147931" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147931" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/5.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/5.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="8" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147935" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="957" data-id="147935" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147935" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/8.jpg" data-width="1024" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/8.jpg"/>
    </figure>
   </div>
   <div class="tiled-gallery__col" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=147906"}'>
    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="9" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147925" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147925" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147925" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/9.jpg" data-width="577" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147906/9.jpg"/>
    </figure>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>
<p>
</p>


Pollen of Mahogony flower under foldscope

<p>
 Pollen germination was seen in several pollen of the mahogany flower that were released on teasing the anthers. The pollen were dusted on a slide, covered and observed using a foldscope attached to an iPhone. Long pollen tubes arising from the germ pores were closely observed.
</p>
<div class="wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery aligncenter is-style-rectangular" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=147947"}'>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="1" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147966" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="899" data-id="147966" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147966" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/1-2.jpg" data-width="618" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/1-2.jpg"/>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="2" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147967" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147967" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147967" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/2-2.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/2-2.jpg"/>
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     <img alt="3" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="147968" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="147968" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=147968" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/3-2.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_147947/3-2.jpg"/>
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    </figure>
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  </div>
 </div>
</div>


Germinating pollen of Mahogony flower

<div class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid">
 <div class="vc_span12 wpb_column column_container">
  <div class="wpb_wrapper">
   <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element">
    <div class="wpb_wrapper">
     <p>
      Being a part of Foldscope team @ GGDSD College, Chandigarh (India) has been an interesting and challenging experience for me.
     </p>
     <p>
      My journey began from ICGEB, New Delhi on 16
      <sup>
       th
      </sup>
      of April, 2018, where I along with my PI (Principal Investigator) attended the Foldscope Orientation Workshop. We learnt to assemble the tiny pieces and use them for practical purposes.
     </p>
     <figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38642" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38642" style="width: 300px">
      <img alt="ICGEB workshop" class="size-medium wp-image-38642 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38642" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="ICGEB workshop" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/2.jpg" width="300"/>
      <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38642">
       Excited to see myself in the group
      </figcaption>
     </figure>
     <p>
      <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38643 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38643" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="101" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/1.jpg" width="300"/>
     </p>
     <figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38644" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38644" style="width: 225px">
      <img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-38644 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38644" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1523879528","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.00053590568060021","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/4.jpg" width="225"/>
      <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38644">
       My mentors
      </figcaption>
     </figure>
     <p>
     </p>
     <p>
      <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38646 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38646" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1523884415","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/5.jpg" width="225"/>
     </p>
     <p>
      Foldscope was a totally new thing for me. I had never heard of it before. So, I was excited and thrilled but also a little nervous at this new venture.
     </p>
     <p>
      Back home in Chandigarh, things were not so easy. Like me, nobody knew about it. The real challenge had begun. It was difficult to convince my fellow colleagues (who were great researchers), that a simple piece of paper could be folded into a cheap, handy microscope with magnification as good as a sophisticated and costly compound microscope.
     </p>
     <p>
      I assembled and re-assembled the pieces a couple of times and tried to peep through it to become well-versed with its usage. Thanks to the efforts and faith put in me by my PI –Dr. Samriti Dhawan, now I am a Foldscope Instructor of Foldscope team @ GGDSD College, Chandigarh.
     </p>
     <p>
      <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38647 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38647" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527685829","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/8.jpg" width="300"/>
      <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38648 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38648" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527673904","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/6.jpg" width="300"/>
      <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38649 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38649" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527685790","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/7.jpg" width="225"/>
     </p>
     <p>
      Foldscope team is working with a mission to make science education a fun activity, for which a series of workshops and summer camps during vacations are being organized. The target participants are being encouraged to explore the natural world around them with the help of Foldscopes. We intend to engage teachers from schools and colleges in and around Chandigarh to be a part of our team.
     </p>
     <p>
      In the subsequent posts that will follow, I would be sharing the slides we prepared during some of the Foldscope awareness workshops.
     </p>
     <figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38650" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38650" style="width: 169px">
      <img alt="9" class="size-medium wp-image-38650 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38650" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38641/9.jpg" width="169"/>
      <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38650">
       First slide captured by foldscope
      </figcaption>
     </figure>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>


From Learner to Foldscope Demonstrator

<p>
 Foldscope has changed the perception of students. It has infused lots of weird ideas in the students. They are passionate to see every odd thing with it.
</p>
<p>
 Cycas is a gymnosperm with separate male and female plants. It is grown as an ornamental plant.  A few female plants are also growing in our college campus. It does not bear compact female cones, instead a whorl of loose megasporophylls that are the female reproductive structures arise in a rosette-like manner at the tip of stem. The megasporophylls bear ovules.
</p>
<p>
 The unique thing about
 <em>
  Cycas revoluta
 </em>
 is that the megasporophylls are tomentose  i.e are covered with brown-coloured hairs. Outer surface of the ovule is also covered with orange-yellow hairs which are lost after fertilization.
</p>
<p>
 Students pulled out some hair with the tweezers and observed it using a foldscope. These  hair seemed amazing when seen under the foldscope during one of the workshop sessions.
</p>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38739" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38739" style="width: 169px">
 <img alt="3" class="size-medium wp-image-38739 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38739" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527690760","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"180","shutter_speed":"0.0083333333333333","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/3-1.jpg" width="169"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38739">
  wooly hair of Cycas megasporophyll
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38737" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38737" style="width: 300px">
 <img alt="1" class="size-medium wp-image-38737 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38737" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527685771","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/1-1.jpg" width="300"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38737">
  workshop session in progress
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38738 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38738" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527685719","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/2-1.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<div class="mceTemp">
</div>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38740" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_38740" style="width: 169px">
 <img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-38740 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38740" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527690694","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"370","shutter_speed":"0.066666666666667","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/4-1.jpg" width="169"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-38740">
  Hair viewed using a foldscope
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="4b" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38742 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38742" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527690694","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"370","shutter_speed":"0.066666666666667","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="4b" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/4b.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-38743 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="38743" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527690746","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"780","shutter_speed":"0.066666666666667","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_38733/5-1.jpg" width="169"/>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9029-cycas-megasporophyll-hair" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Cycas megasporophyll hair

<p>
 In a summer workshop conducted at SD College, Chandigarh, the students of B.Sc Botany were familiarized with the concept of foldscope, its usage and potential advantages. Later they collected samples and tried their hands at foldscopy. They were thrilled with this new activity to capture the images on the mobile phones.
</p>
<p>
 Glimpses from the workshop can find enthusiastic students busy assembling and then using the foldscopes. It was an adventure for them as in routine they are not allowed mobile phone in the classes and here they were asked to bring along their fully charged mobiles.
</p>
<p>
 They were excited and keen to share their first views with the foldscope global community@Microcosmos.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-40728 alignnone gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40728" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527678242","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/1-assembling-a-FD.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-40730 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40730" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528368360","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/2-learner.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: left">
 Learning to assemble a Foldscope
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-40731 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40731" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528371187","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/3-5.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone wp-image-40733 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40733" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528371174","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/5-3.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-40732 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40732" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527768009","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/4-4.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 Learning to view through a Foldscope
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-40738 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40738" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528455598","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0014388489208633","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/7-2.jpg" width="225"/>
 Collecting samples for Foldscopy
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-40742 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40742" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461412","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/8-2.jpg" width="300"/>
 Clicking images
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-40743 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40743" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 3S","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528378904","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.225","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.083333333333333","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/9-2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone wp-image-40745 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40745" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"1.9","credit":"","camera":"SM-J700F","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528379348","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.7","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/10.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone wp-image-40746 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="40746" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"1.7","credit":"","camera":"SM-G615F","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528463153","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.71","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.02","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_40724/11.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Temporary mounts of Pollen and potato peel prepared by students for foldscopy
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>


Foldscope Orientation

<p>
 Tradescantia (a spiderwort) is an invasive species and is well known to show cytoplasmic movements. In an attempt to study the phenomenon of cyclosis, the purple-heart species (
 <em>
  Tradescantia pallida
 </em>
 ) was selected. It is an easy to grow plant by cuttings.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-41210 alignnone gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41210" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528823730","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T1.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41211 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41211" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528990444","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T2.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 Its stamens have bilobed anthers with long filaments. Apparently the filaments appear white, but under a foldscope they were seen as flattened membraneous somewhat purplish in colour.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41212 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41212" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528991956","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.009009009009009","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T3.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41213 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41213" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528883057","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="T4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T4.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 Anther lobe attached to filament as viewed under a foldscope
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41216 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41216" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528883094","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T4a.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T4b" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41217 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41217" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528883549","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T4b" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T4b.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 Presence of staminal hair emerging from the base of the filaments is a characteristic feature of the plant. The staminal hair (also referred to as trichomes) had oval shaped cells arranged in a uniseriate manner. A screen-shot image of a magnified cell appeared amazing. The cells appeared like rosary beads. We tried to capture slight movement in the cells (on zooming), though not very clear.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41218 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41218" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528883277","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T5.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41220 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41220" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528992880","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T6.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41221 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41221" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528991034","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T7.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41222 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41222" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528991042","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T8.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41223 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41223" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528992985","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.003921568627451","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T9.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T10" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41224 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41224" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528993022","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0040983606557377","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="T10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T10.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="T11" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41225 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41225" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="T11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T11.png" width="169"/>
</p>
<div class="video-player" id="v-TwiNugag-1">
 <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="1000" src="https://videopress.com/embed/TwiNugag?hd=1&amp;loop=0&amp;autoPlay=0&amp;permalink=1" width="562">
 </iframe>
 <script src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/video/assets/js/next/videopress-iframe.js">
 </script>
</div>
<p>
 On slightly pressing the anthers, mass of somewhat oval shaped pollen grains oozed out.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41235 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41235" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528827296","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"660","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T13.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="T14" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41236 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41236" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528827416","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"750","shutter_speed":"0.083333333333333","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="T14" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T14.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="T15" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41237 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41237" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528827311","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"750","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="T15" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T15.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="T16" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-41238 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="41238" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528828535","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"620","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="T16" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_41209/T16.jpg" width="169"/>
</p>
<p>
 We will attempt once again to capture the Cytoplasmic streaming movements.
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9089-pollen-and-staminal-hair-of-tradescantia-a-spiderwort" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Pollen and Staminal Hair of Tradescantia – a spiderwort

<p>
 Ginger – an ingredient of every Indian kitchen is botanically a rhizome ( an underground stem). The stem has distinct nodes and internodes. Many numerous fibres were present which were stained with safranine prior to foldscopy. Under the foldscope the cells of the peel were parenchymatous and seen filled with numerous starch grains, while the fibres had elongated cells. Besides oil droplets were also seen in the cells.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43355 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43355" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529838794","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/6-12.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43356 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43356" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529838949","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"8"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/7-7.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="01-300x225.jpg" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43357 gcloudimg" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/01-300x225.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43359 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43359" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529836757","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/2-14.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="02" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43360 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43360" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529839766","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="02" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/02.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="03" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43361 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43361" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="03" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/03.png" width="169"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43362 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43362" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529838598","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/5-11.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="3a" class="alignnone wp-image-43363 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43363" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529837265","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3a" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/3a-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone wp-image-43364 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43364" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529837294","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/3-16.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-43365 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="43365" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529837397","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_43354/4-15.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>


Ginger peel and fibres under foldscope

<p>
 During the summer vacations, I got the opportunity of exploring foldscope as a kitchen garden tool. I was able to see microscopic wonders in my own garden and familiarize the kids and my parents about the usage of foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Bean plant (
  <em>
   Phaseolus spp.)
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 I started with a plant with hanging beans. The bean pods were slender and cylindrical.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone wp-image-44361 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44361" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1530008313","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0031948881789137","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/1-19.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="A Pod" class="size-medium wp-image-44363 alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44363" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A Pod" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/2-pod.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 It was a vine with white flowers having purplish tinge in the petals. I took a flower and separated its sepals and petals to see the typical
 <strong>
  Butterfly shape corolla.
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44365 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44365" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/3-21.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="Fused sepals" class="wp-image-44366 size-medium alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44366" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3 A -fused sepals" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/3-A-fused-sepals.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  A bean flower and fused sepals
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 There was a large bilobed petal (vexillum), two lateral small petals, just like the wings (alae) and two petals fused to form the boat shaped keel (carina). I focused a petal to show them the cells, which they enjoyed a lot.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="4 butterfly corolla" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44376 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44376" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4 butterfly corolla" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/4-butterfly-corolla.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4 A -standard" class="size-medium wp-image-44379 alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44379" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4 A -standard" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/4-A-standard.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  The separated Standard, wings,  fused keel of Butterfly Corolla
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="5 cells in petal" class="size-medium wp-image-44380 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44380" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5 cells in petal" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/5-cells-in-petal.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p style="text-align: left">
 <em>
  The cells viewed in a petal
 </em>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 I split open the fused petals to see the stamens in 2 groups – 9 fused in one cluster and 1 standing alone around the pistil.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="6 &amp;#8211; 9 + 1 arrangement of stamens" class="alignnone wp-image-44381 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44381" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6 – 9 + 1 arrangement of stamens" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/6-9-1-arrangement-of-stamens.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="7 pistil" class="wp-image-44382 size-medium alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44382" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7 pistil" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/7-pistil.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  On left side are the stamens (9+1) and on right side – the pistil
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 The pistil had a swollen ovary at the base, hairy style and lobed stigma. The hairs on the style were quite prominent and had some pollen entangled.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="8 hairy style" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44385 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44385" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8 hairy style" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/8-hairy-style.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="9 hair of style" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44386 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44386" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9 hair of style" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/9-hair-of-style.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Hairy style – The style had abundant hair on it
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="10 pollen and hairy style entangled" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44388 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44388" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10 pollen and hairy style entangled" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/10-pollen-and-hairy-style-entangled.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="11 pollen entangled in hairy style" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44389 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44389" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11 pollen entangled in hairy style" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/11-pollen-entangled-in-hairy-style.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Pollen can be seen entangled in hairy style
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 I teased the anthers to release the pollen and fixed them on a slide. I could see the thick exine and the most amazing thing – dimorphic pollen. Some pollen were smaller in size and some larger.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="12 good view of polen released from anther" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44399 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44399" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12 good view of polen released from anther" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/12-good-view-of-polen-released-from-anther.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="13 pollen cluster" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44400 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44400" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="13 pollen cluster" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/13-pollen-cluster.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="14 pollen magnified" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44402 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44402" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="14 pollen magnified" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/14-pollen-magnified.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="15 excellent dimorphic pollen" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44403 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44403" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="15 excellent dimorphic pollen" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/15-excellent-dimorphic-pollen.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="16 germinating pollen" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-44404 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="44404" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="16 germinating pollen" data-recalc-dims="1" height="289" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_44360/16-germinating-pollen.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Dimorhic pollen and the germinating pollen
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 While observing the anthers and stigma some more hideous wonders were unfolded which I would be sharing later.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p style="text-align: right">
 <p class="winnower-cite-link">
  <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9126-kitchen-garden-through-foldscope" target="_blank">
   This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
  </a>
 </p>
</p>

Kitchen garden through Foldscope

<p>
 Referring to my earlier post on ‘Kitchen garden through Foldscope’, I am excited as well as shocked to share the presence of bug or mite which I viewed in the hairy style of bean flower. The stamens and pistil are present within the closed petals – Keel (Carina) and I took them out after giving a slit. How come this mite or bug gain in entry ……….
 <strong>
  Can anybody explain
 </strong>
 ?  I am going to keep a close watch on my beans for these. Without foldscope, I could have never made it out.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45032 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45032" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45031/1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45033 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45033" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45031/2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45034 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45034" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45031/3.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  The bug/mite observed in the hairy style of bean flower
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 Similar type of thing was noticed earlier by one of the students – Parul @ GGDSD within the reproductive part of the flower in Morning glory and has been referred in the post ‘Sticky pollen’.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="7 a bug in the floer" class="size-medium wp-image-45036 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45036" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1529422560","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"80","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="7 a bug in the floer" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45031/7-a-bug-in-the-floer.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<div class="video-player" id="v-eTbtyq36-1">
 <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="1000" src="https://videopress.com/embed/eTbtyq36?hd=1&amp;loop=0&amp;autoPlay=0&amp;permalink=1" width="562">
 </iframe>
 <script src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/video/assets/js/next/videopress-iframe.js">
 </script>
</div>
<p>
 One thing that is common in both the flowers is that their pollen do not have a spiny exine. Our group @GGDSD, Chandigarh is now keen to explore more such hidden wonders.
</p>
<p>
 Foldscope Team @GGDSD College, Chandigarh
</p>


Hidden wonders through foldscope

<p>
 Thorn apple – one of the poisonous flowering plant in nightshade family was seen growing along the banks of Ghaggar river in Panchkula district of Haryana (India). It commonly grows as a weed in waste lands along roadside and railway lines. It has trumpet shaped flowers and a spiny capsular fruit with numerous seeds. The plant contains potent alkaloids of pharmaceutical importance.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="A1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46529 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46529" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/A1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46530 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46530" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a3.1" class="alignnone wp-image-46531 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46531" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a3.1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a3.1.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Mature flowers were seen to bear fused sepals forming a tubular structure and petals forming a trumpet. The stamens were very long and the carpel too had a long style.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46532 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46532" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a3.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46533 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46533" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46534 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46534" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a5.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46535 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46535" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a6.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="a7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46536 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46536" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a7.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 The plant had some floral buds which were also split open to find many features earlier unknown to me. The buds had a green capsular thing which was the calyx and on opening it young green petals were revealed. The petals had stamens within with long anthers. I teased the anthers thinking these were too young and will be having either tetrads or pollen mother cells. But these were found to have mature pollen in them and the anthers found on long filaments in mature flowers were found to be empty.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46537 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46537" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a8.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="a9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46538 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46538" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a9.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="a10" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46539 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46539" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a10.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="a11" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46540 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46540" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a11.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a12" class="alignnone wp-image-46541 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46541" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a12.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a13" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46542 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46542" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a13" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a13.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a14" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46543 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46543" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a14" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a14.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 The long filaments were found adherent to the petals at the lower edge and many pointed multi-cellular trichomes were found along the sides of the filaments.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a15" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46544 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46544" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a15" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a15.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a16.1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46545 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46545" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070779","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"1190","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a16.1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a16.1.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="a16" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46546 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46546" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a16" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a16.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a17" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46547 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46547" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a17" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a17.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a18.1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46548 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46548" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a18.1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a18.1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="a18" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46549 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46549" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a18" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a18.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 As reported in literature, it is pollinated by moths. A portion of the petal seen under the foldscope showed presence of pollen in the lower portion of the flower. I had the opinion that trichomes are protective in function, but in the images captured it was seen that they aid in pollen germination perhaps. The trichomes seen were pointed in one direction.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a19" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46550 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46550" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070662","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"700","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a19" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a19.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="a20" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46551 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46551" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070848","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"750","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a20" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a20.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="a21" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46552 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46552" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070905","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"750","shutter_speed":"0.066666666666667","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a21" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a21.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="a22" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46553 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46553" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070941","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"930","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a22" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a22.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="a23" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46554 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46554" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ASUS_Z00UD","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1531070631","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.78","iso":"550","shutter_speed":"0.125","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a23" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a23.jpg" width="169"/>
</p>
<p>
 A transverse section of the ovary was also observed under the foldscope, but only ppartially because of its large size and numerous ovules could be seen.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="a25" class="alignnone wp-image-46555 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46555" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a25" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a25.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="a224" class="alignnone wp-image-46556 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46556" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="a224" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46528/a224.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9201-peculiar-characters-observed-in-flower-of-thorn-apple-datura" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Peculiar characters observed in flower of Thorn apple (Datura)

<p>
 Seeing the interest of the students and the eagerness to view through Foldscope, we have taken an initiative to introduce Foldscope as a study tool. The 2
 <sup>
  nd
 </sup>
 year Botany graduates have collection of wild flora and preparation of Herbarium files mandatory in their curriculum laid out by Panjab University, Chandigarh.
</p>
<p>
 The students are being encouraged to perform foldscopy of the plants they would be collecting. As a part of this initiative, we have started training students about the usage of Foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 Exploring nature through the eyes’ of the students would be great fun.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="assembling" class="alignnone wp-image-46982 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46982" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461428","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="assembling" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/assembling.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="learnin foldscopy" class="alignnone wp-image-46985 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46985" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528368373","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="learnin foldscopy" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/learnin-foldscopy.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="viewing through foldscope" class="alignnone wp-image-46986 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46986" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461469","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="viewing through foldscope" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/viewing-through-foldscope.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="IMG_1937" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46983 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46983" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527768024","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_1937" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/IMG_1937.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="viewing" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46987 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46987" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461498","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="viewing" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/viewing.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_1940" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-46988 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="46988" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527769468","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_1940" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_46980/IMG_1940.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>


Introducing Foldscope as an Educational Tool @ GGDSD College, Chandigarh

Variation in different varieties of Portulaca

<p>
 After Foldscope awareness workshops, now the students @GGDSD, Chandigarh are using Foldscope in their routine practicals.  One such practical on anatomical study on Coralloid root of
 <em>
  Cycas
 </em>
 was performed by students using Foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <em>
  Cycas
 </em>
 is a common ornamental Gymnosperm of great importance. It forms normal geotropic roots as well as symbiotic, apo-geotropic coralloid roots. Students prepared safranine stained mounts of Coralloid roots to observe the tannin cells and study the algal zone formed as a result of symbiotic association.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="A-5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55135 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55135" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A-5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/A-5.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="A-1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55142 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55142" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A-1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/A-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="A-4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55145 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55145" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A-4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/A-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="A-2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55143 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55143" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A-2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/A-2.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Usage of Foldscope in routine practicals
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone wp-image-55137 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55137" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/2-2.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55136 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55136" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/1-5.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55139 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55139" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/4-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55138 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55138" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/3-1.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Dark coloured Tannin cells seen in roots of Cycas plant
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55141 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55141" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/6-2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55140 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="55140" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_55132/5-5.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  Centre Vasculature and Algal zone in T.S of Coralloid roots
 </em>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9307-foldscope-as-a-teaching-and-learning-aid-ggdsd-chandigarh" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Foldscope as a teaching and learning aid @ GGDSD, Chandigarh

<p>
 Dropping of flowers from the plant before the development of fruits is a problem I observed in the chilli plants  growing in my kitchen garden. I picked up the dropped flowers to observe its stigma and pollen under foldscope. There was nothing abnormal with the pollen or the receptivity of pollen on stigma.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56375 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56375" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/1-8.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone wp-image-56376 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56376" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="296" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/2-7.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56377 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56377" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/3-5.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  A Chilli flower showing pollen sticking on its stigma and style
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56378 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56378" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/4-6.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56379 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56379" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/5-9.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56380 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="56380" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_56374/6-5.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 The problem is referred to as
 <strong>
  ‘Blossom Drop’
 </strong>
 in literature and can be due to several reasons:
</p>
<ul>
 <li>
  Lack of pollination
 </li>
 <li>
  Lack of air flow
 </li>
 <li>
  Over watering
 </li>
 <li>
  Not harvesting the pods on time
 </li>
 <li>
  Variable temperatures
 </li>
 <li>
  Over feeding
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9327-flower-drop-in-chilli-plant-in-my-kitchen-garden" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Flower drop in Chilli plant in my kitchen garden

<p>
 <img alt="1" class="size-medium wp-image-58010 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58010" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58009/1-9.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Bitter gourd (
  <em>
   Momordica charantia)
  </em>
  of family Cucurbitaceae
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 My kitchen garden has seen a rich flush of bitter gourd fruits this season.  Bitter Gourd is a tendril-bearing vine that bears separate yellow male and female flowers. The leaves have  deeply dissected lobes and the fruit is oblong and warty in appearance.
</p>
<p>
 Male flowers are more in number and each flower is seen to have a yellow center and a conical base, while female flowers have a green center and small bump at the base.
</p>
<p>
 The pollen obtained from anthers were fixed on a slide and viewed under a foldscope. These were found to be tricolpate with three distinct cracks at the germ pore points.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58011 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58011" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1535037063","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58009/2-8.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58012 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58012" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1535037095","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58009/3-6.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58013 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58013" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58009/4-7.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9350-kitchen-garden-through-foldscope" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Kitchen garden through foldscope

<p>
 <img alt="1" class="size-medium wp-image-59037 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59037" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/1-14.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Sponge gourd –
 <em>
  <strong>
   Luffa aegyptiaca
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 Sponge Gourd is a fast growing vine that produces yellow flowers and is a popular vegetable of summers and spreads prolifically during monsoon season. The fruits are green and cylindrical in shape.
</p>
<p>
 Flowers are deep yellow in color and unisexual. Male flowers are numerous and present in clusters of 10 -15. Each flower  has 5 stamens with short filaments and sigmoid anthers. Filaments bear multi-cellular &amp; elongated trichomes as seen through the foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59038 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59038" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/2-11.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59039 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59039" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/3-9.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59040 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59040" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/4-9.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Female flowers are solitary with a cylindrical ovary and 3 expanded stigmas. Fruits are cylindrical, straight or slightly curved. The ovary is also cylindrical in female flowers with the ovary wall showing presence of trichomes.  Placenta and ovules could be seen in the T.S of ovary
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="12" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59041 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59041" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/12-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="13" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59042 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59042" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="13" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/13.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_5427" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59047 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59047" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1535647447","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_5427" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/IMG_5427.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="14" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59043 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59043" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="14" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/14.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="15" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59044 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59044" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="15" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/15.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_5426" class="alignnone wp-image-59046 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59046" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1535647432","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_5426" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/IMG_5426.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Tricolpate dimorhic pollen grains were observed in
 <em>
  Luffa
 </em>
 on dusting the pollen on to a slide. Some pollen were oval and some circular. Pores of the pollen are circular and with a prominent annulus.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59048 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59048" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/5-11.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59049 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59049" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/6-7.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59050 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59050" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/7-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59051 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59051" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/8-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59052 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59052" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/9-3.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59053 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59053" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/10-2.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Foldscope unfolded another amazing exploration –  pollen tetrads showing developing pollen.
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone wp-image-59054 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59054" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/11-2.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="IMG_5394" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59055 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59055" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1535646361","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_5394" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/IMG_5394.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';color: black;background: white">
  Flower petals are ribbed and showed the presence of numerous multi-cellular, elongated structures on the petals along with dehisced pollen
 </span>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="16" class="alignnone wp-image-59057 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59057" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="16" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/16.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="17" class="alignnone wp-image-59058 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59058" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="17" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/17.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="18" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59059 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59059" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="18" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/18.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="19" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59060 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59060" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="19" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/19.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="20" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59061 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59061" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="20" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/20.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="21" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59062 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59062" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="21" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/21.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="22" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59063 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59063" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="22" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/22.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="23" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-59064 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59064" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="23" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/23.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="24" class="alignnone wp-image-59065 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59065" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="24" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/24.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="25" class="alignnone wp-image-59066 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="59066" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="25" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_59036/25.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9372-sponge-gourd-from-my-kitchen-garden" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Sponge Gourd from my Kitchen Garden

<p>
 It was a great day @GGDSD College, Chandigarh (India). The students were apprised of the contributions of Sir Antony Van Leeuwenhoek – the famous Dutch microscopist, who observed the bacteria and protozoa under a simple microscope invented by him. An owner of textile business and without any formal education in science, it is a great wonder that he invented lenses that could magnify the objects to an utmost clarity. Whether to call him a Microscopist or a Microbiologist, but his invention opened a totally new world of micro-organisms which could not be studied with the naked eye.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-60966 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60966" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/1-3.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="2" class="size-medium wp-image-60967 alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60967" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/2-5.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="3" class="size-medium wp-image-60968 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60968" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/3-3.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 The interactive talk was followed by hands on training on foldscope for the beginners. As the students were peeping through the foldscope with curiosity, I could see that exploring nature and life has no limits and boundaries. It is a passion which can be there at any age.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-60969 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60969" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528369541","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/4-3.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="5" class="size-medium wp-image-60970 alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60970" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461428","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/5-3.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-60971 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60971" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1528461516","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/6-2.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="7" class="size-medium wp-image-60972 alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="60972" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527685790","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_60961/7-3.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  <em>
   Special thanks to Dr. Manu Parkash for taking the initiative to celebrate Leeuwenhoek Day as a tribute to the great scientist.
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p style="text-align: right">
 Team Foldscope @GGDSD, Chandigarh (INDIA)
</p>


Remembring Sir Leeuwenhoek on this day

<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-42-16" class="alignright wp-image-69222 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69222" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-42-16" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-42-16.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 The bean plants in my kitchen garden wilted out. So I uprooted them to give place to new plants. But as I took out the plants, I could see numerous nodules on the lateral roots. I collected the nodules for detailed study.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-43-21" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-69223 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69223" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-43-21" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-43-21.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 I cut free hand sections of a nodule attached to root and stained them using safranine and mounted them on a slide to see through a foldscope. I was able to see bacterial zone and even the bacteroids.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-11" class="alignnone wp-image-69226 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69226" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-11.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-44-36" class="alignnone wp-image-69225 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69225" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-44-36" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-44-36.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-46-41" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69227 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69227" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-46-41" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-46-41.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-49" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69228 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69228" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-49" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-45-49.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-12-42" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69232 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69232" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-12-42" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-12-42.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-47-23" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69233 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69233" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-47-23" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-17-47-23.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-14-21" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69234 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69234" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-14-21" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-14-21.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-15-12" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69235 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69235" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-15-12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-15-12.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-17-37" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69237 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69237" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-17-37" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-17-37.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-20-55" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69240 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69240" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-20-55" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-20-55.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-19-54" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69239 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69239" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-19-54" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-19-54.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-21-41" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69241 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69241" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-21-41" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-21-41.jpg" style="font-size: 1.8rem" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-12" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69243 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69243" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-12.jpg" style="font-size: 1.8rem" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-54" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69244 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69244" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-54" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-22-54.jpg" style="font-size: 1.8rem" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-24-09" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69245 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69245" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-24-09" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69221/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-24-09.jpg" style="font-size: 1.8rem" width="150"/>
 <span style="font-size: 1.8rem">
 </span>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9450-root-nodules-isolated-from-bean-plant" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Root nodules isolated from bean plant

<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-26-48" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69253 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69253" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-26-48" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-26-48.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-03" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69254 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69254" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-03" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-03.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-15" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69255 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69255" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-15" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-15.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 The root nodules isolated from smaller plants were clearly visible ( as shown in previous post). But some plants that were having thick and robust roots showed prolific growth. Are these galls or root knots ? I am unable to describe. On gentle teasing, followed by staining with methylene blue, I was able to diagnose certain nodule-like individual structures. I will try out a smear of the bacteria isolated from these and go for gram’s staining.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-29-28" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69256 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69256" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-29-28" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-29-28.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-03" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69257 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69257" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-03" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-03.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-47" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69258 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69258" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-47" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-27-47.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-58" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-69259 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="69259" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-58" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_69252/PHOTO-2018-10-03-18-30-58.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9451-are-these-galls" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Are these galls ?

<div class="gallery galleryid-84748 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=84748"}' id="gallery-1">
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</div>
<p>
 <strong>
  Collection site
 </strong>
 – Sec-32 ,Chandigarh
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Habitat
 </strong>
 – Wild
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Habit
 </strong>
 – Climber
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Inflorescence
 </strong>
 – Dichasial to polychasial cymes
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Flower
 </strong>
 – Actinomorphic, polypetalous, 5 stamens, exerted, protruding out of flower, style, simple and  linear
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Fruit
 </strong>
 – Ellipsoidal
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Foldscope description
 </strong>
 – When the different parts were seen under a foldscope, trichomes were seen along the filaments and also on the petals and the pollen were spherical in shape with smooth exine
</p>
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 </figure>
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 </figure>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9678-wild-plants-of-chandigarh-specimen-1" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Wild plants of Chandigarh &#8211; Specimen 1

<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-20-25" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-91391 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91391" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-20-25" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-20-25.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-22-03" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-91392 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91392" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-22-03" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-22-03.jpg" width="150"/>
 On cutting an apple, i saw a fuzzy white fungus in the central core region of the apple. I took a sample and fixed it on a slide to look under a foldscope. It was a weft of fungal hyphae. I tried to locate the spores, but in vain. The entire apple other-wise had no fungal infection.
</p>
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    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-16" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91411" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-16" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-16.jpg" width="150"/>
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    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-32" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91412" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-32" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-32.jpg" width="150"/>
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 </figure>
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   <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=91413">
    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-48" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91413" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-48" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-23-48.jpg" width="150"/>
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    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-24-34" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91414" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-24-34" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-24-34.jpg" width="150"/>
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 </figure>
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    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-29-11" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91419" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-29-11" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-29-11.jpg" width="150"/>
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 </figure>
 <figure class="gallery-item">
  <div class="gallery-icon portrait">
   <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=91420">
    <img alt="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-30-02" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="91420" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-30-02" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_91384/PHOTO-2018-12-04-09-30-02.jpg" width="150"/>
   </a>
  </div>
 </figure>
</div>
<p>
 The matter of concern is, how did the fungus grow within the core? Causal organism is not known to me. Can anybody identify it?
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9716-fungus-within-an-apple-core" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Jasveen Dua

Earth

Posts

Foldscope sensitization at a farm in Punjab -1

Foldscope sensitization at a farm in Punjab -2

Using Foldscope in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Mycelium growth found on chapati dough

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