samriti dhawan

<p>
 While cooking potatoes, I
took potatoes which looked normal from outside, but when I cut open a raw
potato it showed purple veins from inside. My mother-in-law told me to throw as
it was poisonous. I wondered what it could be due to?
</p>
<p>
 I scrapped a few cells on a slide to observe the difference and even tried some free-hand sections to understand the difference. No bacterial or fungal contamination was noticed and the scraped starch grains too looked perfectly normal except for a little pigmentation. I was convinced that it was a normal phenomenon.
</p>
<p>
 I explored the literature on internet to find an answer and could find that the potato developed this pattern probably is a natural thing or due to cross-pollination. Purple colour is due to anthocyanin pigments and is considered healthy as these varieties of potatoes contain more antioxidants that protect the cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
</p>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-127277 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="127277" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="127277" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1549299190","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=127277" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_127272/2-8.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-127279 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="127279" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="127279" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=127279" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_127272/4-7.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-127281 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="127281" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="127281" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=127281" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_127272/6-7.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-127282 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="127282" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="127282" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=127282" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_127272/7-6.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-127283 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="127283" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="127283" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=127283" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_127272/8-6.jpg"/>
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</ul>


Foldscope helped unfold the myth of potatoes with purple veins

<p>
 After a continuous moist weather spell since last 3 weeks, I could see green, slimy patches in my garden within the plants and also on the borders of the garden. I scraped a sample from the patches and saw the different types of microflora. I am not sure, but I can make out some algae and liverworts. Probably
 <em>
  Chlorella, Scendesmus
 </em>
 and some filamentous green algae have inhabited the garden humus.
</p>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-128057 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128057" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128057" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128057" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/2-9.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-128058 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128058" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128058" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128058" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/3-8.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="3a" class="wp-image-128059 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128059" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128059" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="3a" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128059" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/3a-1.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-128060 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128060" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128060" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128060" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/4-8.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Liverwort
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-128061 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128061" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128061" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128061" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/5-8.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-128062 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128062" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128062" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128062" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128055/6-8.jpg"/>
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  </figure>
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</ul>


Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope &#8211; sample 1 showing diverse green algae &amp; a liverwort

<p>
 Another patch in my garden showed minute, green fluffy growth. I fixed a sample on a slide to find a bunch of protonema and spirally arranged leaves. The soil showed amazing red coloured protonemal rhizoids. The leaves showed a single layer of cells and were sessile with serrated margins. The cells were thin, elongated and without any intercellular spaces. Foldscope helped me study moss gametophyte in detail.
</p>
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   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-128379 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128379" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128379" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128379" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128368/7-8.jpg"/>
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  </figure>
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</ul>


Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope &#8211; sample 2 showing a moss protonema

<p>
 Another patch near the path showed intense growth and some thin plants with young sporophytes. I plucked a leaf to find elongated, chlorenchymatous cells packing the leaf with a central midrib. The young sporophytes were seen emerging from a cluster of leaves and the wall of capsule on rupturing showed beautiful thin, elongated cells.
</p>
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   <img alt="m2" class="wp-image-128387 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128387" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128387" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128387" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="m3" class="wp-image-128388 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128388" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128388" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128388" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m3.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="m4" class="wp-image-128389 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128389" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128389" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128389" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m4.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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</ul>
<h4 style="text-align:center">
 Moss sporophyte with spirally arranged leavesand each leaf packed with chlorenchymatous cells and a centrally located midrib
</h4>
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   <img alt="m5" class="wp-image-128390 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128390" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128390" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128390" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m5.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="m6" class="wp-image-128391 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128391" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128391" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550502302","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="m6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128391" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m6.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="m7" class="wp-image-128392 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128392" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128392" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128392" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m7.jpg"/>
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 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="m8" class="wp-image-128393 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128393" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128393" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="m8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128393" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128385/m8.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align:center">
 A young moss sporophyte and the wall of the sporophyte
</h4>


Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope &#8211; sample 3 showing a young moss sporophyte

<p>
 As we walked towards the log hut, two small rain-fed lakes meant for fulfilling the water requirement of wild animals were seen in the Kansal forest.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=133362"}'>
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   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-12" class="wp-image-133365 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133365" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133365" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-12" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133365" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-12.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-09" class="wp-image-133364 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133364" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133364" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-09" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133364" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/PHOTO-2019-02-25-19-27-09.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-02-25-17-49-01" class="wp-image-133363 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133363" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133363" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-02-25-17-49-01" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133363" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/PHOTO-2019-02-25-17-49-01.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 Besides, several small dams were seen flowing through the area These had algal blooms from where we collected samples.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=133362"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="algae 2" class="wp-image-133366 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133366" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133366" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551090666","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.002906976744186","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="algae 2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133366" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/algae-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="algae 1" class="wp-image-133367 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133367" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133367" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551090679","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"32","shutter_speed":"0.0052356020942408","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="algae 1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133367" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/algae-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<p>
 Later in the lab, a sample was drawn and gently spread on a glass slide to capture a view through foldscope.  Very fine intricate network of green algal filaments were seen. These had spiral shaped chloroplasts with cells placed end to end. Several cells showed clumping of chloroplasts too.
 <em>
  Spirogyra
 </em>
 filaments in abundance was a beauty to watch under foldscope.
</p>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-133371 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133371" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133371" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551271642","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133371" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/2-3.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-133372 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133372" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133372" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551269539","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133372" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/3-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-133373 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133373" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133373" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551269538","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133373" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/4-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-133376 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133376" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133376" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551269501","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133376" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/5-1.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-133379 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133379" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133379" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551268716","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133379" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/8-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-133380 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133380" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133380" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551268694","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133380" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/9-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="11" class="wp-image-133382 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="133382" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="133382" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551268673","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=133382" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_133362/11-2.jpg"/>
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</ul>


Spirogyra from a pond @ Kansal Forest

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<p>
 I have recently got an opportunity to attend a workshop at GGDSD college, CHANDIGARH. I was amazed to see Foldscope and its wonderful working. The slide which I have seen was of onion root tip.
</p>
<p>
 Harsh
</p>
<p>
</p>


samriti dhawan

Earth

Posts

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 2 showing a moss protonema

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 3 showing a young moss sporophyte

Spirogyra from a pond @ Kansal Forest

Onion Root Tip

Foldscope helped unfold the myth of potatoes with purple veins

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 1 showing diverse green algae & a liverwort

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 2 showing a moss protonema

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 3 showing a young moss sporophyte

Spirogyra from a pond @ Kansal Forest

Onion Root Tip

Foldscope helped unfold the myth of potatoes with purple veins

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 1 showing diverse green algae & a liverwort

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 2 showing a moss protonema

Microflora of my garden soil through foldscope – sample 3 showing a young moss sporophyte

Spirogyra from a pond @ Kansal Forest

Onion Root Tip

Locations

Statistics

Type of Sample

Foldscope Lens Magnification