Divya Kaur

<p class="has-text-color has-background has-light-green-cyan-color" style="background-color:#676d4f">
 The stamens of the silk flower pollen are unique as the filaments of the five stamens fuse together forming a long dark-pink tube – red coloured  staminal tube which encloses the pistil within. The anthers also join to form a canopy at the top. The anthers were scraped open to release the pollen and observed using a foldscope.
</p>
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   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-101534 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101534" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101534" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102807","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"3"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101534" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/1-14.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Staminal tube
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-101551 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101551" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101551" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102844","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"3"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101551" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/2-12.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Anthers fused to form a canopy
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-101552 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101552" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101552" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102612","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101552" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/3-11.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Pollen released from anther
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-101553 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101553" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101553" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102996","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101553" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/4-8.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-101554 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101554" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101554" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102997","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101554" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/5-6.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-101555 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101555" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101555" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544103010","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101555" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/6-6.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-101556 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101556" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101556" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544103034","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101556" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/7-4.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-101557 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="101557" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101557" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544103440","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101557" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_101462/8-5.jpg"/>
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<p>
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<p>
</p>


Pollen of silk floss flower

<p>
 Flowers are large and prominent, and appear when the tree has shed its leaves. They are borne solitary or in bunches. The calyx is green, bell-shaped, with four lobes.  Each petal is creamy-white toward thebase with stripe marks, and the colour becomes magenta toward the tip. The pistil of the flower is enclosed within the staminal tube and the ovary rests on the thalamus. Free-hand sections of T.S ovary were cut and seen through a foldscope. Ovary wall showed presence of trichomes.
</p>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101657" data-attachment-id="101657" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101657" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101507","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101657" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i1.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1-13.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    Flower
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101658" data-attachment-id="101658" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101658" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102304","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101658" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i2.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2-13.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    Pistil within staminal tube
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101659" data-attachment-id="101659" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101659" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544107871","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101659" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i1.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/3-12.jpg?resize=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    Ovary
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101660" data-attachment-id="101660" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101660" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544108902","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101660" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i2.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/4-9.jpg?resize=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    T.S ovary
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101664" data-attachment-id="101664" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101664" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544109037","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101664" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i2.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/6-7.jpg?resize=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    Trichomes
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="" class="wp-image-101665" data-attachment-id="101665" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="101665" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544109070","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=101665" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i0.wp.com/microcosmos.foldscope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/7-5.jpg?resize=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1"/>
   <figcaption>
    Branched trichomes
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Pistil of silk floss flower

<p>
 <strong>
  Common name:
 </strong>
 Floss-silk Tree, Kapok
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Botanical Name:
 </strong>
 <em>
  Ceiba speciosa
 </em>
 (
 <em>
  = Chorisia speciosa
 </em>
 )
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  Family:
 </strong>
 Bombacaceae , now merged under Malvaceae (Hibiscus Family)
</p>
<p class="has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-color has-very-light-gray-background-color">
 In the flower of silkfloss there is a distinct corona.  It lies at the base of the staminal tube. It is a cream-coloured bell-like or vase-like structure with a maroon or dark-red-lobed  rim covered with fuzzy white hairs. It appears like a distinct wheel. The hair were fixed on the slide to see ribbon-like strips with a distinct wavy margin through foldscope.
</p>
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   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-103411 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103411" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103411" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101529","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103411" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/1-20.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Basal bell-like structure
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-103412 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103412" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103412" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101579","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"80","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103412" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/2-17.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Corona separated out
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-103413 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103413" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103413" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101536","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"64","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103413" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/3-14.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-103414 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103414" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103414" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101552","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103414" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/4-11.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Corona magnified
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-103415 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103415" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103415" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101942","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103415" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/5-11.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Fuzzy hair of corona
   </figcaption>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-103416 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103416" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103416" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544101931","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103416" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/6-11.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-103417 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103417" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103417" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102094","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103417" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/7-7.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-103418 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103418" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103418" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102139","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103418" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/8-7.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-103419 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103419" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103419" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544102116","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103419" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103373/9-3.jpg"/>
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Fuzzy Fibers seen in corona of silk floss flower

<p>
 While I was at my daughter’s place in Ahmedabad, I sensitized her friends on usage of foldscope and how it can help in viewing different samples. As a sample, they plucked a purple coloured flower growing near the society gate and plucked its anthers. They all were fascinated to see how these appeared under foldscope.
</p>
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   <img alt="O4" class="wp-image-115844 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115844" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115844" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1546794601","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="O4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115844" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/O4.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="A5" class="wp-image-115849 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115849" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115849" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115849" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/A5-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="A6" class="wp-image-115850 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115850" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115850" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115850" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/A6-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="A7" class="wp-image-115851 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115851" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115851" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115851" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/A7-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="A8" class="wp-image-115852 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115852" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115852" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115852" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/A8-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="A9" class="wp-image-115853 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115853" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115853" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="A9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115853" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115840/A9-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


Foldscope sensitization and exploring brushy anthers &#8211; an outreach activity

<p>
 I spotted an infected leaf in the college garden. It showed white calcareous patches. I plucked the leaf to observe the disesed patch under foldscope. Some thread-like structures could be viewed and worm-like structures too.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=121310"}'>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-121311 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121311" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121311" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121311" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/1-29.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-121312 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121312" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121312" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121312" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/2-30.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-121313 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121313" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121313" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121313" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/3-30.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=121310"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-121314 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121314" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121314" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121314" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/4-21.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-121315 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121315" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121315" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121315" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/5-15.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-121316 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121316" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121316" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121316" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/6-13.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-121317 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121317" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121317" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121317" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/7-11.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-121318 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121318" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121318" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121318" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/8-11.jpg"/>
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 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-121319 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121319" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121319" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121319" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121310/9-9.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


Viewing Infected leaf under foldscope

<p>
 Yatin of 4
 <sup>
  th
 </sup>
 semester @GGDSD College, Chandigarh brought me some infected leaves of Ficus tree to observe under foldscope. These he had got from his hometown in Haryana (Punjab) during winter break.
</p>
<p>
 All the leaves showed puffy, white balloon- like blisters/blotches due to some disease. I tried a sample out of these under foldscope. Everytime I took a sample, the thin membrane-like puffed portion was obtained which showed a compact cellular arrangement. Somewhere stellate cells and somewhere rectangular cells in rows were seen. I could also see some wedge-like structures as if a cocoon mold. Somehow no insects or any other microbe could be spotted. Are these leaves infected due to pests or nematodes can anybody help identify?
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=121812"}'>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-121813 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121813" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121813" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121813" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/1-30.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-121814 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121814" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121814" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121814" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/2-31.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-121815 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121815" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121815" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121815" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/3-32.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=121812"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-121816 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121816" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121816" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121816" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/4-22.jpg"/>
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 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-121817 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121817" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121817" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121817" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/5-16.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-121818 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121818" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121818" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121818" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/6-14.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-121819 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121819" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121819" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121819" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/7-12.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-121820 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121820" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121820" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121820" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/8-12.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-121821 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121821" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121821" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121821" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/9-6.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="10" class="wp-image-121822 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121822" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121822" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121822" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/10-8.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="11" class="wp-image-121823 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121823" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121823" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121823" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/11-4.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="12" class="wp-image-121824 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="121824" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="121824" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=121824" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_121812/12-5.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


Puffed infected patches &#8211; are these of nematodes or some pest?

<p>
 Tulsi plant in my garden showed small black spots on the leaves. I fixed them on a slide and observed under the foldscope to see mealy bugs. What type of pests are these only a plant pathologist can tell, but it is a serious issue that even Tulsi plant which is a medicinal plant can fall prey to pests.
</p>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-4 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=128536"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-128538 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128538" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128538" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574240","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128538" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/1-13.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-128539 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128539" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128539" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPad mini 2","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574257","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.3","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128539" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/2-11.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-128540 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128540" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128540" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574737","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"2000","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128540" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/3-10.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-128542 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128542" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128542" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574744","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128542" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/4-10.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-128543 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128543" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128543" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574751","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128543" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/5-10.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-128544 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128544" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128544" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574756","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128544" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/6-10.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-128545 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128545" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128545" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574773","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128545" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/7-9.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-128546 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128546" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128546" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550574839","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128546" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/8-9.jpg"/>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="9" class="wp-image-128547 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128547" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128547" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550575049","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"500","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="9" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128547" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/9-5.jpg"/>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="10" class="wp-image-128548 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128548" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128548" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550575425","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="10" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128548" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/10-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="11" class="wp-image-128551 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128551" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128551" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550575965","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"8"}' data-image-title="11" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128551" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/11-3.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="12" class="wp-image-128552 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="128552" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="128552" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1550576017","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"8"}' data-image-title="12" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=128552" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_128536/12-2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
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</ul>


Pests on Tulsi plant observed under foldscope

<p>
 In the young leaves of the Mustard crop, irregular streaks were seen which showed attack by leaf miner. Sample taken from the area showed soft, juicy sap with irregular swollen areas and empty cells In a view the pest in side view could be spotted.
</p>
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     <img alt="1" aria-label="image 1 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="134658" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="134658" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=134658" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/1-12.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/1-12.jpg"/>
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     <img alt="3" aria-label="image 3 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="134661" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="134661" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=134661" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/3-11.jpg" data-width="903" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/3-11.jpg"/>
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     <img alt="3a" aria-label="image 4 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="134662" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="2448" data-id="134662" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1551873103","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"640","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3a" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=134662" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/3a.jpg" data-width="3264" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/3a.jpg"/>
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     <img alt="Mine" aria-label="image 7 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135168" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="135168" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Mine" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135168" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/Mine.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/Mine.jpg"/>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="gall" aria-label="image 8 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135171" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="135171" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="gall" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135171" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/gall.jpg" data-width="768" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/gall.jpg"/>
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</div>
<p>
 On the attacked leaf the starting and end points of the mine can be clearly marked. Probably the mine started where the egg was laid and then on hatching, the larva tunnels into the leaf making serpentine mines that are clearly visible on one side of the leaf. The mines are the routes followed as the larvae feed on the internal cells of the leaf and moves ahead. The plant cells are ingested and the dark faeces excreted into the mine The mine gradually widens as can be seen in teased sections of the leaf. The flow of sap in the tunnelled mines was recorded. Another important feature seen was proliferation of cells within leaf tissue.
</p>
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     <img alt="8" aria-label="image 6 of 6 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="134675" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="134675" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=134675" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/8-8.jpg" data-width="880" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_134463/8-8.jpg"/>
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<p>
 The literature says Mining
insects are those whose larvae live in and feed on soft, parenchymatous plant
tissue between the epidermal layers.  While
feeding, the mining insect forms a characteristic, externally visible tunnel
called as mine, which appears as a white track on the leaf. Workers report these
canals can assume a variety of shapes depending on the species involved and the
tissue mostly consumed is the palisade parenchyma of mesophyll. Mining insects can
be Lepidopterans, Hymenopterans, Coleopterans, and Dipterans (Dempewolf 2005).
</p>
<p>
 Literature reports origin of gall-like structures in some leaf-mines. As per the reference article cited certain mining insects lead to formation of highly differentiated tissue (called nutritive tissue) for enhanced nutritive quality Mine inflation is due to the proliferation of this callus mass and the authors have used the word
 <strong>
  <em>
   Mine gallers
  </em>
 </strong>
 for such insects.  (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209485 )
</p>
<p>
</p>


Exploring galls formed by leaf miner on Brassica under foldscope

<p>
 Grey coloured powder was observed from a distance on
 <em>
  Brassica
 </em>
 stem in a field during one of our visits to Punjab fields. On moving closer, we could see a grey coat all over the stem When left for some time on a paper, all the aphids settled down as grey powder mass. The leaves showed glistening golden and grey powdery masses, which too showed presence of aphids.
</p>
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     <img alt="3a" aria-label="image 5 of 6 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135328" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="2448" data-id="135328" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1552051480","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="3a" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135328" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135322/3a-1.jpg" data-width="3264" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135322/3a-1.jpg"/>
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<p>
 Fixing a sample on a slide and observing through the foldscope we could see aphids. Some were winged with thin and lean body, while some were wingless and flat giving a grey, mealy appearance due to their waxy coating. While fixing the sample on to slide we could observe sap-like ooze. Aphids probably feed by sucking sap from their host plants.
</p>
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 </div>
</div>
<p>
</p>


Aphids on Brassica plant in Punjab fields seen through foldscope

<p>
 While opening the pea pods to take out seeds, I noted a white fur inside them. On drawing a sample and looking through foldscope, I saw intricate network of hyphae and groups of conidia clustered to them at various points. Scanning the slide thoroughly, I could see several big brown spores too. Is it the fungal rot of peas by
 <strong>
  <em>
   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ?
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
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 </div>
</div>
<p>
</p>


White mold with clusters of conidia in pea pods under foldscope

<p>
 <img alt="1" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-99259 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99259" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/1-10.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 Apples are a delicacy of North India and are supplied from Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh to the entire India. Long distance transport requires a proper storage at low temperature. However, certain losses may occur during storage. An apple obtained from supermarket showed a rotting spot. A sample was taken from the infected area and fixed on a slide to observe under a foldscope. The infected area showed fungal spores in plenty, which are being shared with the community.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99264 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99264" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/6-4.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99265 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99265" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/7-2.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99266 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99266" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/8-3.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99261 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99261" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/3-5.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99262 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99262" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/4-6.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99263 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99263" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/5-4.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99268 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99268" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/9-2.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-99269 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="99269" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_99255/10-1.jpg" width="150"/>
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Divya Kaur

Earth

Posts

Exploring galls formed by leaf miner on Brassica under foldscope

Aphids on Brassica plant in Punjab fields seen through foldscope

White mold with clusters of conidia in pea pods under foldscope

Studying Post- harvest losses in fruits during storage using foldscope

Pollen of silk floss flower

Pistil of silk floss flower

Fuzzy Fibers seen in corona of silk floss flower

Foldscope sensitization and exploring brushy anthers – an outreach activity

Viewing Infected leaf under foldscope

Puffed infected patches – are these of nematodes or some pest?

Pests on Tulsi plant observed under foldscope

Exploring galls formed by leaf miner on Brassica under foldscope

Aphids on Brassica plant in Punjab fields seen through foldscope

White mold with clusters of conidia in pea pods under foldscope

Studying Post- harvest losses in fruits during storage using foldscope

Pollen of silk floss flower

Pistil of silk floss flower

Fuzzy Fibers seen in corona of silk floss flower

Foldscope sensitization and exploring brushy anthers – an outreach activity

Viewing Infected leaf under foldscope

Puffed infected patches – are these of nematodes or some pest?

Pests on Tulsi plant observed under foldscope

Exploring galls formed by leaf miner on Brassica under foldscope

Aphids on Brassica plant in Punjab fields seen through foldscope

White mold with clusters of conidia in pea pods under foldscope

Studying Post- harvest losses in fruits during storage using foldscope

Locations

Statistics

Type of Sample

Foldscope Lens Magnification