Ajay Prakash

<p>
 Rotting of apple due to fungal growth can lead to post-harvest loss of apple. An apple rotted  during storage. A sample taken on a slide was observed under foldscope. Some spores were spotted in the infected sample. The sample was stained using LCB and spores were obtained in abundance.
</p>
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   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-103305 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103305" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103305" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103305" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/1-19.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    <br/>
    Rotting apple
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
 </li>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-103306 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103306" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103306" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103306" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/2-16.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Rotten apple – cut open
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="3" class="wp-image-103307 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103307" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103307" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103307" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/3-13.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Spores seen under foldscope
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
 </li>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-103308 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103308" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103308" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103308" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/4-10.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    More spores
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-103309 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103309" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103309" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103309" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/5-10.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    LCB stained sample
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-103310 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103310" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103310" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103310" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/6-10.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    <br/>
    Fungal hyphae
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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  <figure>
   <img alt="7" class="wp-image-103311 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103311" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103311" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103311" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/7-6.jpg"/>
   <figcaption>
    Spores seen in the rotting sample
   </figcaption>
  </figure>
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   <img alt="8" class="wp-image-103312 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="103312" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="103312" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=103312" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_103290/8-6.jpg"/>
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</ul>


Rotting apple seen through a foldscope

<p>
 After harvesting the fruits and vegetables have a limited
post-harvest life. Senescence leads to softening of tissues. Mechanical injuries
such as cuts, bruises, that occur during harvest or handling are a cause of
decay or rot as they are a cause of infection sites. Once a lesion is
initiated, the process of invasion, infection, colonization and reproduction
leads to decay after harvest and the fungal hyphae may spread from infection site
to the entire fruit.
</p>
<p>
 Such a type of rot was seen in tomato stored in refrigerator. On taking a sample from the infected area, slender hyphae forming a network were seen under foldscope.
</p>
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   <img alt="2" class="wp-image-109774 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="109774" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="109774" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=109774" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_109772/2-27.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="4" class="wp-image-109776 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="109776" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="109776" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=109776" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_109772/4-20.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-109777 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="109777" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="109777" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1544791628","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=109777" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_109772/5-18.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-109778 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="109778" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="109778" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=109778" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_109772/6-18.jpg"/>
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View of Fungal rot of tomatoes (Post harvest losses) through foldscope

<p>
 White powder-like substance was seen on Cucurbita leaves. The leaves showed yellow patches also. The infected powder was seen under foldscope to find elongated structures as well as oval-shaped spores/cysts.
</p>
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   <img alt="1" class="wp-image-113836 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="113836" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="113836" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1545838657","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=113836" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_113826/1-6.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="5" class="wp-image-113841 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="113841" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="113841" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1545838354","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=113841" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_113826/5-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="6" class="wp-image-113842 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="113842" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="113842" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1545838977","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=113842" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_113826/6-2.jpg"/>
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   <img alt="791AE5CE-3CE2-4EFF-AD06-9815B1268575" class="wp-image-113827 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="113827" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="113827" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1545838219","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="791AE5CE-3CE2-4EFF-AD06-9815B1268575" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=113827" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_113826/791AE5CE-3CE2-4EFF-AD06-9815B1268575.jpeg"/>
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<p>
</p>


Infected Cucurbita leaf under foldscope

<p>
 Ginger and Turmeric both have medicinally and economically important parts as rhizomes and both belong to family – Zingiberaceae. So I tried to see the difference between the cells of both the types using foldscope by scraping the cells. I could see not much difference in the shape of the two types, except for that the Turmeric cells had yellow coloured globular cells along interspersed with the normal colourless cells and in Ginger intermittent double-layered cells were there, probably the ones which stored Zingerol.
</p>
<h2>
 <em>
  Ginger rhizome &amp; the cells
 </em>
</h2>
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   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-58-02" class="wp-image-115653 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115653" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115653" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-58-02" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115653" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-58-02.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-56-15" class="wp-image-115652 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115652" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115652" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-56-15" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115652" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-56-15.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-53" class="wp-image-115651 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115651" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115651" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-53" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115651" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-53.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-13" class="wp-image-115650 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115650" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115650" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-13" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115650" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-12-54-13.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>
<h2>
 <em>
  Turmeric rhizome &amp; the cells
 </em>
</h2>
<ul class="wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=115645"}'>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_1" class="wp-image-115679 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115679" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115679" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_1" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115679" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_2" class="wp-image-115680 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115680" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115680" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115680" data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-35-26_2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46" class="wp-image-115683 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115683" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115683" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115683" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_2" class="wp-image-115684 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115684" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115684" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_2" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115684" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_2.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_3" class="wp-image-115685 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115685" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115685" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115685" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_3.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_4" class="wp-image-115686 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115686" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115686" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_4" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115686" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-34-46_4.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-21-15" class="wp-image-115687 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115687" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115687" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-21-15" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115687" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-21-15-1.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
 <li class="blocks-gallery-item">
  <figure>
   <img alt="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-19-45" class="wp-image-115688 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="115688" data-comments-opened="1" data-id="115688" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-19-45" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=115688" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_115645/PHOTO-2019-01-08-20-19-45.jpg"/>
  </figure>
 </li>
</ul>


Ginger and Turmeric cells as seen under foldscope

Pollen

<p>
 Fenugreek (
 <strong>
  <em>
   Trigonella foenum-graecum
  </em>
 </strong>
 ) is multipurpose crop known for its medicinal and nutritional value (food and fodder both). It is an annual winter plant of the family Fabaceae.
</p>
<p>
 The plant has trifoliate compound leaves with somewhat small, obovate leaflets, Flowers are typically yellow coloured and triangular shaped. Calyx is cup shaped with papilionaceous corolla. Stamens form a diadelphous condition with 9 fused in one whorl and one remaining separate. Fruit is a curved pod bearing medicinally important seeds.
</p>
<p>
 Pollen were isolated from anthers of kitchen garden cultivated Fenugreek flowers and studied under foldscope.
</p>
<div class="wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery aligncenter is-style-square" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/microcosmos.foldscope.com\/?p=135707"}'>
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    </figure>
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    <figure class="tiled-gallery__item">
     <img alt="7" aria-label="image 2 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135717" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="135717" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135717" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/7-13.jpg" data-width="1019" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/7-13.jpg"/>
    </figure>
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     <img alt="8" aria-label="image 3 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135709" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="135709" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135709" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/8-13.jpg" data-width="453" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/8-13.jpg"/>
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     <img alt="3" aria-label="image 5 of 8 in gallery" class="gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="135713" data-comments-opened="1" data-height="1024" data-id="135713" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-link="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?attachment_id=135713" data-url="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/3-18.jpg" data-width="552" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_135707/3-18.jpg"/>
    </figure>
   </div>
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    </figure>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div>


Foldscoping pollen of Fenugreek- a multipurpose crop

<p>
 I am excited to share my foldscope click of cashew peel. Can anybody guide what is being viewed as I am unable to make out these beautiful stripes. I simply know that cashew are a rich source of fats and a few vitamins.
</p>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39982" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_39982" style="width: 225px">
 <img alt="1" class="size-medium wp-image-39982 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39982" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765560","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"160","shutter_speed":"0.02","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/1-2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-39982">
  cashewnuts with peel on them
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39984" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_39984" style="width: 300px">
 <img alt="IMG_20180531_105952" class="size-medium wp-image-39984 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39984" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi Note 4","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527764392","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.57","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180531_105952" data-recalc-dims="1" height="169" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/IMG_20180531_105952.jpg" width="300"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-39984">
  peel as seen under a foldscope
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="IMG_20180531_110024" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39985 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39985" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi Note 4","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527764424","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.57","iso":"1000","shutter_speed":"0.071428571428571","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180531_110024" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/IMG_20180531_110024.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="IMG_20180531_110034 (1)" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39986 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39986" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi Note 4","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527764434","copyright":"","focal_length":"3.57","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="IMG_20180531_110034 (1)" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/IMG_20180531_110034-1.jpg" width="169"/>
</p>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39987" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_39987" style="width: 300px">
 <img alt="2" class="size-medium wp-image-39987 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39987" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765492","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/2-2.jpg" width="300"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-39987">
  thin sections of the cashew surface were peeled and observed under foldscope
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39988 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39988" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765279","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"800","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/4-2.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39989" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_39989" style="width: 300px">
 <img alt="3" class="size-medium wp-image-39989 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39989" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765068","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.0068965517241379","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/3-2.jpg" width="300"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-39989">
  Amazed to see these stripes forming a regular pattern
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39990 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39990" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765034","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.0072992700729927","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/8-1.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39991" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_39991" style="width: 300px">
 <img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-39991 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39991" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765176","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.0047619047619048","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/6-1.jpg" width="300"/>
 <figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-39991">
  Magnified the view to see these beautiful patterns
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39992 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39992" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765150","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.0081967213114754","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/7-1.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-39993 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="39993" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"Redmi 4A","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1527765197","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.92","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0.01","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_39981/9-1.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p>
 In autumn break I had been to Goa on the college trip and got some cashew with peel on them. Got a foldscope in the workshop from Samriti Dhawan, my Biotechnology teacher, and observed both stained and unstained peel and thin hand sections of cashew kernels to see these amazing features. Next time I will follow histochemical technique to get details of these.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9074-cashew-peel-under-foldscope" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Cashew peel under foldscope

Peel of Tradescantia leaf

Comparing the peels of raw and boiled potato

<p>
 A dampened wall due to seepage from rainwater drain pipe was noticed in my room wall and prompted by the post on ‘Air borne fungi’, I mounted the same on a slide to observe under a foldscope. I  was surprised to see fungal hyphae and some unidentified cyst- like structure. However, I could not  identify the type of mold.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="size-medium wp-image-45915 aligncenter gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45915" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/1-2.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 Moldy growth indoors
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45916 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45916" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/2-2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45917 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45917" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/3-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45918 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45918" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5a" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45920 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45920" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5a" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/5a.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45921 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45921" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/6.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45922 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45922" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/7-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45923 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45923" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/8-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45924 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45924" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/9-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-45925 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45925" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/10-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone wp-image-45926 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45926" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/11-1.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="12" class="alignnone wp-image-45927 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="45927" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_45914/12-1.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>


Moldy growth &#8211; In my room wall

<p>
 I would like to share reports of foldscopy from my native place Landran in Punjab (India).  Learning foldscopy at a workshop held at GGDSD College, I tried to explore flora and fauna of my village.
</p>
<p>
 Landran is a village located in SAS Nagar (Mohali) Tehsil of Mohali district, Punjab. It is about   45 Kms from Chandigarh. Landran village has high literacy rate as compared to other villages in Punjab. So it was not difficult to explain foldscope and its use to farmers.
</p>
<p>
 It has been raining heavily these days and the effect has been seen on vegetation using a foldscope which I would share in the posts that follow.
</p>
<p>
 One such effect is on the
 <strong>
  egg plant – Brinjal
 </strong>
 . Farmers in my village grow seasonal vegetables along with routine crops, which they sell in ‘Apni mandis’ (i.e. kisaan Mandis) set up by Government in different sectors of Chandigarh on week days as per the schedule chalked by the Government.
</p>
<p>
 The brinjals have shown poor growth due to excessive rains and started rotting. I spotted one such from my uncle’s field and used a foldscope to study the greyish scum formed on it. It showed the presence of some un-identified  octopus-like fungi with spores in the centre and hyphae projecting out.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50521 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50521" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/1-19.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50522 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50522" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/2-18.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50523 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50523" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/3-17.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50524 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50524" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/4-13.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50525 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50525" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/5-14.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50526 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50526" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/6-14.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50527 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50527" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/7-13.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50528 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50528" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/8-15.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-07-25-21-37-48" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50530 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50530" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-07-25-21-37-48" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50513/PHOTO-2018-07-25-21-37-48.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9267-foldscopy-from-a-village-in-punjab" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Foldscopy from a village in Punjab

<p>
 Water hyacinth is a common nuisance of the ponds in my village. It is a fast growing, free floating, aquatic plant, invading entire ponds and pools of the village. The leaves have spongy and bulbous stalks which float above the surface of water.  An erect stalk supporting a single spike of 8-10 attractive flowers having six petals can be seen. One of the ‘petal’ lobes has a yellow spot surrounded by a darker blue or purplish area and six stamens.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50930 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50930" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/1-22.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50931 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50931" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/2-20.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50932 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50932" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/3-18.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50957 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50957" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9-12.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50959 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50959" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/11-10.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="12" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50960 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50960" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/12-8.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  <em>
   The petal showing yellow spot surrounded by bluish and purple region
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 There are three long stamens that are easily visible that is longer than the pistil. Three shorter stamens are found deeper within the corolla. Foldscope enabled the view of glandular structures on the longer stamens as well as the tiny capitate stigma. However, these could not be seen in the filaments of smaller stamens so clearly.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50933 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50933" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/4-14.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone wp-image-50934 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50934" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/5-15.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone wp-image-50935 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50935" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/6-15.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  <strong>
   The long stamens and the pistil showing capitate stigma
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone wp-image-50936 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50936" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/7-14.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone wp-image-50937 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50937" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/8-16.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9.1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50938 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50938" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.1-1.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9.2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50939 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50939" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.2.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9.3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50941 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50941" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.3.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="9.4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-50942 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50942" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.4.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  <strong>
   Glandular structures on filaments a nd stigma as viewed under foldscope
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 Pollen in anthers of both the type of stamens were almost similar, except for the presence of some extra degenerative cells in anthers of long stamens.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="9.6" class="alignnone wp-image-50953 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50953" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.6.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="9.7" class="alignnone wp-image-50954 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50954" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.7.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <em>
  <strong>
   Pollen of anthers on shorter  stamens
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="9.8" class="alignnone wp-image-50955 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50955" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.8.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="9.9" class="alignnone wp-image-50956 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="50956" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9.9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_50926/9.9.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  <em>
   Pollen of anthers on longer  stamens
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9269-foldscopy-of-water-hyacinth-growing-in-my-village-in-punjab" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Foldscopy of water hyacinth growing in my village in Punjab

<p>
 Some potato cells were scraped and stained with iodine solution. On observing the slide under foldscope some small, clumped and some large, discrete starch grains were viewed. Also it was noticed that some grains turned blue-black, while some are reddish-brown.
</p>
<p>
 As per literature, waxy starch stains red and non-waxy starch stains blue with iodine. Waxy starch is composed of branched polymer chains which stain red with iodine. Non-waxy starch contains amylose which has linear chains that stain blue with iodine.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-21" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58234 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58234" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-21" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-21.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-45" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58235 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58235" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-45" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-21-45.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-22-23" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58236 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58236" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-22-23" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-22-23.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 Small and large starch grains that stained blue-black with iodine solution
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-17" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58237 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58237" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-17" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-17.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-34" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58238 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58238" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-34" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-23-34.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-24-11" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58239 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58239" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-24-11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-24-11.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-25-07" class="size-medium wp-image-58240 alignleft gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="58240" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-25-07" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_58233/PHOTO-2018-08-23-14-25-07.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Some starch grains  stained red and some stained blue-black  can be viewed
</p>
<p>
 <strong>
  From this observation, it was concluded that the potato used had both amylose and amylopectin.
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 This was my first attempt using the foldscope @ GGDSD Workshop on Foldscope assembly and usage
</p>
<p style="text-align: right">
 <em>
  <strong>
   Anshi (3rd Semester)
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p style="text-align: right">
 <em>
  <strong>
   GGDSD College, Chandigarh
  </strong>
 </em>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9353-iodine-stained-potato-starch-granules-under-foldscope" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Iodine stained potato starch granules under foldscope

<p>
 To mark the Leeuwenhoek day, I collected sample of pond water from my village in Punjab. It had been raining heavily past few days. However, today being partly sunny day, it was easy for me to collect the sample. The pond is surrounded by green vegetation and has fields on one side and embankment on the other side. The temporary slide was prepared as per the standard protocol and viewed through a foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61032 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61032" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/1-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61033 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61033" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/2-6.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61035 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61035" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/4-4.jpg" width="201"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  <em>
   The site from where the sample was collected
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
 A variety of microscopic planktons were present in the sample. Some pear- shaped and large number of spiral shaped unbranched filaments could be spotted in the sample. On magnification, I tried to make out the structure. These could be
 <em>
  Spirulina
 </em>
 or
 <em>
  Arthrospira
 </em>
 algae.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61043 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61043" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/5-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61044 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61044" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/6-3.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="7" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61045 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61045" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="7" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/7-4.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="8" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61046 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61046" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="8" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/8-3.jpg" width="181"/>
 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61047 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61047" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/9-1.jpg" width="169"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-61048 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61048" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/10.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone wp-image-61049 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61049" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="225" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/11.jpg" width="300"/>
 <img alt="12" class="alignnone wp-image-61050 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="61050" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="211" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_61031/12.jpg" width="300"/>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  <em>
   Microalgae found in pond water sample
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9394-microalgae-in-pond-water" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Microalgae in Pond water

<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-49-00" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62827 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="62827" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-49-00" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_62826/PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-49-00.jpg" width="225"/>
 Free hand sections of soaked seeds were cut and stained with Iodine solution. Excessive stain was removed by washing with water and slides observed using a foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-39-29" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62828 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="62828" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-39-29" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_62826/PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-39-29.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-41-07" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62829 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="62829" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-41-07" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_62826/PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-41-07.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-42-09" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62830 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="62830" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-42-09" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_62826/PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-42-09.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-43-20" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-62831 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="62831" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-43-20" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_62826/PHOTO-2018-09-05-12-43-20.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9406-amyloplasts-in-chick-pea-seeds-in-class-practical" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Amyloplasts in chick pea seeds &#8211; In class practical

<p>
 Monsoons this year have been prolonged and Its been raining continuously in North India. My village in Punjab has also been affected. Several crops and vegetables have succumbed to the rains and been destroyed. I have captured image of rotting  bean plant using foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="IMG_6193" class="alignnone wp-image-65659 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65659" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537544567","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_6193" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6193.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6195" class="alignnone wp-image-65660 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65660" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537544579","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"125","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="IMG_6195" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6195.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6197" class="alignnone wp-image-65661 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65661" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537544985","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6197" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6197.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6203" class="alignnone wp-image-65664 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65664" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537545182","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6203" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6203.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6208" class="alignnone wp-image-65665 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65665" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537545476","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6208" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6208.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6209" class="alignnone wp-image-65666 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65666" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537545485","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"400","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6209" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6209.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6214" class="alignnone wp-image-65667 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65667" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537545811","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.058823529411765","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6214" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6214.jpg" width="225"/>
 <img alt="IMG_6217" class="alignnone wp-image-65668 size-medium gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="65668" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1537545889","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="IMG_6217" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_65657/IMG_6217.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>


Diseased bean plant

<p>
 Presence of reticulate venation is an important diagnostic feature of a dicot leaf. The veins form an interconnecting network spread across the lamina. It was fascinating to observe the networking of veins under  foldscope.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-44-56" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-70141 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70141" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-44-56" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-44-56.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-06" class="alignnone wp-image-70142 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70142" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-06" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-06.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-22" class="alignnone wp-image-70143 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70143" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-22" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-22.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-52" class="alignnone wp-image-70144 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70144" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-52" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-46-52.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-47-07" class="alignnone wp-image-70145 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70145" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-47-07" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-47-07.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-48-03" class="alignnone wp-image-70146 size-thumbnail gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="70146" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-48-03" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_70140/PHOTO-2018-10-05-17-48-03.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9475-reticulate-venation-in-a-dicot-leaf" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Reticulate venation in a dicot leaf

Foldscoping a wild beauty

<p>
 A web was seen hanging on my railing. I could not see any insect nearby. The insect had woven the web at night probably and had vanished with the dawn.
</p>
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<p>
 I carefully fixed the web on the slide as it was swaying with the breeze. On looking through a foldscope, a mesh of entangled fibers was seen. I tried to look at the fibers through a polarized film also.
</p>
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<p style="text-align: center">
 <strong>
  <em>
   Web fibers seen through Polarized film
  </em>
 </strong>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9557-a-web-hanging-on-my-railing-fibers-from-nature" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

A web hanging on my railing (Fibers from nature)

<p>
 <img alt="s6 (5)" class="wp-image-86392 size-medium alignright gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="86392" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"2.2","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5s","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1543227319","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.15","iso":"40","shutter_speed":"0.03030303030303","title":"","orientation":"6"}' data-image-title="s6 (5)" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_86371/s6-5.jpg" width="225"/>
</p>
<p>
 Coix is a gras which bears bead-like structures , which are green when young and become black, grey to ivory coloured on maturing. The stigma of Coix is trifid, coloured and feathery. The stigma was detached and fixed on a slide to observe through a foldscope. It appeared like numerous multicellular trichomes emerging from the stigma.
</p>
<p>
</p>
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<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9692-feathery-stigma-of-the-grass-coix-lacryma-jobi-under-foldscope" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Feathery stigma of the grass &#8211; Coix lacryma-jobi under foldscope

<p>
 <img alt="1" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95728 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95728" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="1" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/1-4.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="2" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95729 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95729" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="2" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/2-2.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="3" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95730 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95730" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="3" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/3-2.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p>
 The Duranta hedge growing in my garden is lately showing diseased symptoms. Its leaves are curled at margins and puckered. Observing these regions under foldscope revealed hypertrophy. Cellular masses were seen in these hypertrophied regions. The cause of these symptoms is not clear.
</p>
<p>
 <img alt="4" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95731 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95731" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="4" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/4-1.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="5" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95732 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95732" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="5" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/5-1.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="6" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95733 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95733" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="6" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/6-1.jpg" width="150"/>
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 <img alt="9" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95735 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95735" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/9.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="9a" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95736 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95736" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="9a" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/9a.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="10" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95737 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95737" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="10" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/10.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="11" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95738 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95738" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="11" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/11-1.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="12" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95739 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95739" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="12" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/12.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="13" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95740 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95740" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="13" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/13.jpg" width="150"/>
 <img alt="14" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95741 gcloudimg" data-attachment-id="95741" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="14" data-recalc-dims="1" height="150" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/microcosmosdelta.appspot.com/images/transfer_95727/14.jpg" width="150"/>
</p>
<p class="winnower-cite-link">
 <a href="https://thewinnower.com/papers/9733-unidentified-disease-on-duranta" target="_blank">
  This post is open to read and review on The Winnower.
 </a>
</p>

Ajay Prakash

Earth

Posts

Rotting apple seen through a foldscope

View of Fungal rot of tomatoes (Post harvest losses) through foldscope

Infected Cucurbita leaf under foldscope

Ginger and Turmeric cells as seen under foldscope

Locations

Statistics

Type of Sample

Foldscope Lens Magnification