Marie Herring

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 Have you ever seen the Silver Mirror trick at a chemistry show?  That’s when silver is precipitated out of solution onto a glass surface.  The demo consists of a series of clear solutions being combined in a glass flask.  As the presenter swirls the flask, a shiny mirror forms on the inner surface of the glass.  The reaction utilizes Tollens’ reagent, which is used to determine the difference between aldehydes and ketones.  I thought it might be cool to modify the procedure slightly to be able to grow silver crystals.  This turned out to be slightly more challenging than I predicted, mostly because the Tollen’s reagent is designed to form a smooth silver film on any glass surface, so crystals are not the first structures produced.  However, with some tweaking and dilution, I was able to get a slide with some individual crystals.  Above is a picture through the Foldscope and below is a macro photo of the prepared slide.


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Silver Crystals Using Tollens&#8217; Test Reagents

In December, Tom got several larval squid from the Hopkins marine station.  (shoutout to
 <cite>
 <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=10723&amp;" rel="external">
 dianateuthis!)
 </a>
 </cite>
 They were only about a millimeter or two in length but fairly active, so we decided to image them using the Foldscope.  We also wanted to try out a new imaging station I’ve been working on to pair with the Foldscope for thicker samples like this one.  Tom prepared a glass slide with a cover slip held up with four small balls of clay.  We placed the squid in a drop of water between the cover slip and the glass slide.  The height was enough to keep it ever so slightly pinned, but definitely not squished.


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 I used an iPod Touch to capture these images and videos.  I was only vaguely familiar with squid anatomy, so it was very exciting to see the chromatophores firing, the tentacles moving, the heart beating, and the gill structures.



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Live Baby Squid

Photographers have amazing skills to make their images look exactly how they want by changing the lighting.  Simply changing the direction the light is coming from, for instance by having an external flash, can make the world of difference in how your pictures turn out.  With Aaron visiting this week, I was inspired to steal some of the same techniques he uses to take his beautiful macro shots and translate them into the Foldscope.  Manu has already documented a number of different lighting techniques, most notably reflective mode (
 <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=1515">
 https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=1515
 </a>
 ), and Matt has shown how to make a simple dark-field setup (
 <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=7042">
 https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=7042
 </a>
 ).  Jumping off from that, I wanted to look at samples that were a mixture of opaque and translucent.  Often, opaque samples just appear as shadows on the Foldscope, which can be highly disappointing when you know that there is incredible structure hidden there.  I made a simple side-light module and was very surprised by the results.


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 Picture of a fly with normal light-module illumination (3 layers of diffuser tape and a condenser lens) on the left versus a picture of the same fly with the side-light illumination.  Note that the compound eye is now visible, when it was previously hidden in shadow.




 Methods:


 I took a coin battery, a small LED (3mm, with a hemispherical top) and a switch and soldered them together to form a simple circuit.  This was a little tricky, since the switch I used was so small, but that meant that the module was only a few millimeters tall, which helped a lot when inserting it into the Foldscope.  I used a small piece of double-stick tape to attach the module to one of the Foldscope paper slides.  The switch peeked out the corner, which allows you to switch between natural light and side light.  See the picture below for the arrangement.


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 Next, I sandwiched the sample slide between the light module slide and a couple of blank paper slides.  Because the side-light module was thicker, the sample was forced closer to the lens, so I had to add some extra slides on top (rather than on the bottom like normal) to get it in focus again.
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 Image of the opened Foldscope with the side-light and the fly sample.


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 Image of the closed Foldscope with the side-light.


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 Goldfish Scales have very different coloration with normal light module illumination (left) versus side-light illumination (right).  Even though there isn’t much more insight into the structure, the image still looks very different.


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 This is one of Tom’s samples of coralline algae that has always just been a shadow on the Foldscope with light module illumination (left). With side-lighting, the pink color comes through much better, and you can even see some of the cellular structure!  (unfortunately, my picture didn’t come out perfectly in-focus).


 I think a big part of the change in the pictures is related to how the camera on the iPod Touch that I’m using auto-adjusts light levels.  So playing with those settings will probably also have a significant effect on the images.  I encourage everyone to try different light settings!


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 More zoomed-in images of the fly with side-lighting.  Some of the pictures look very similar to dark-field.


 Check out Aaron’s posts here!


 <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=8128">
 https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=8128
 </a>


 <a href="https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=7722">
 https://microcosmos.foldscope.com/?p=7722
 </a>


 -Marie

Microscopic Photography Tricks: Side-lighting

In case you haven’t visited Microcosmos in a while, you might have noticed some new changes to the website!  We updated the theme, added some content, and hopefully made posting easier.  We are also now able to assign DOI’s (digital object identifiers) to each post so that your Microcosmos post can be cited in scientific literature. Our Instagram account
 <a href="https://www.instagram.com/foldscope/" target="_blank">
 instagram.com/foldscope
 </a>
 is now live to highlight our community’s amazing posts on Microcosmos and to catalog the Foldscope team’s adventures.


 Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!  And keep on Foldscoping!


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Marie Herring

Earth

Posts

Silver Crystals Using Tollens’ Test Reagents

Live Baby Squid

Microscopic Photography Tricks: Side-lighting

Hello Fellow Foldscopers!

Locations

Statistics

Type of Sample

Foldscope Lens Magnification